南宋黃榦的築城活動 -兼談中國古代士人謀國者的苦心與苦惱

Abstract

Among the fortification activities in Sung China, the constructions of many local cities were supervised by the emperor, Board of Works(Gongbu), Board of Revenue(Hubu), Bureau of Military Affairs(Shumiyuan), then were took charged by local administrations, such as Military Commission(Jingluesi), Fiscal Commission(Zhuanyunsi), Pacification Commission(Anfusi), Military Commission(Zhizhisi), Judicial Commission(Tixingsi), and prefectures(fu), subprefectures(zhou), districts(xian).In Southern Sung, as a magistrate, Huanggan, actively threw himself in the fortification activities. This article researches carefully the magistrate, who was cultivated deeply in principle learning(Lixue), in order to understand official actual manipulation in the fortification activities. When occupying Pacification Commission’s private secretariat of North Jinghu, assistant subprefect of Anfeng, Huang suggested to construct cities, and being the prefect of Hanyang and Anqing, he has been raised money to construction. As a result, the plan was laid aside at Hanyang,and at Anqing, he was succeeded. When Huang prepared for constructing Hanyang city, he submitted many documents to Bureau of Military Affairs, Fiscal Commission, Pacification Commission, Military Commission of Jinghu, Manager of Huguang, Fiscal Commissioner of Hubei, to expect the permission and support. However, the canvass was proved an abortion, which indicated the fortification activities are hardly. The article analyses Huang’s official virtue, the idea of current situation, his inconsistency and affliction, to open out the collision between fortification activities and latent regulation in officialdom. Huang proposed and practised the fortification because of his loyalty. He discerned current situation profoundly and impersonally, so he didn’t well in fighting, but he tried his best to resist the invasion, namely, the fortifications. Unfortunately, concerning the fortifications and continuous wars, disasters, Huang was squeezed and suppressed by his colleagues and seniors, so he asked for resignation time after time. Under the despotism system in ancite China, as a loyalist, Huang’s fate was inevitable and universal.