北宋代 塔形舍利莊嚴具의 硏究
Buddhist Reliquaries in the Shape of Miniature Stupa in Northern Song Dynasty
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The origin of the stupa-shaped reliquaries could be traced to the early Indian Buddhist art. In China, the stupa-shaped reliquaries have been developed in the original chinese styles. Aśokan stupa of Mao-Xian (鄮縣) was the first important example of the stupa-shaped reliquary in China, which was supported by King Wudi of Liang in the 6th century. After King Wudi, many kings and peoples worshiped the Aśokan stupa of Mao-Xian by the 12th century. Its influence is very crucial in understanding the development of the stupa-shaped reliquaries in China, especially in the southern region. There are found more than 20 examples of stupa-shaped reliquaries from twelve Sites in Northern Song Dynasty. Here I examined those stupa-shaped reliquaries in Northern Song dynasty, and classified them into five types: ① Polygonal Pagoda type, ② Square Pagoda type, ③ Qian Hong-Shu pagoda (錢弘俶塔) type, ④ Dharani Pillar type, ⑤ Indian stupa (覆鉢塔) type. The first and second type were famous in the Northern region of Song China, however the third type was very popular in the Southern region especially near Hangzhou (杭州). The third type emulated the style of Aśokan stupa of Mao-Xian in the 10th century and its influence was widespread in the southern region during the Northern Song dynasty. The fourth type was very rare in Northern Song dynasty, but prevailed in Liao dynasty. The fifth type was also prevailing in the southern region from the early eleventh century, which would be transmitted from the South Eastern Asia. Usually, the styles of the stupa-shaped reliquary were changed according to the region where the reliquary was made and buried. The stupa-shaped reliquary in the Northern Song dynasty was used as one container of a set of Buddhist reliquaries, and usually the outer case of the stupa-shaped reliquary was in the type of square box. The inner container of the stupa-shaped reliquary was in the type of bottle or in the type of coffin. However, in the northern region, the stupa-shaped reliquaries were enshrined as twin pagoda in the underground palace of a great stupa. The deposit of twin stupa-shaped reliquaries was an idiosyncratic characteristic of the northern region.
Abstract
The origin of the stupa-shaped reliquaries could be traced to the early Indian Buddhist art. In China, the stupa-shaped reliquaries have been developed in the original chinese styles. Aśokan stupa of Mao-Xian (鄮縣) was the first important example of the stupa-shaped reliquary in China, which was supported by King Wudi of Liang in the 6th century. After King Wudi, many kings and peoples worshiped the Aśokan stupa of Mao-Xian by the 12th century. Its influence is very crucial in understanding the development of the stupa-shaped reliquaries in China, especially in the southern region. There are found more than 20 examples of stupa-shaped reliquaries from twelve Sites in Northern Song Dynasty. Here I examined those stupa-shaped reliquaries in Northern Song dynasty, and classified them into five types: ① Polygonal Pagoda type, ② Square Pagoda type, ③ Qian Hong-Shu pagoda (錢弘俶塔) type, ④ Dharani Pillar type, ⑤ Indian stupa (覆鉢塔) type. The first and second type were famous in the Northern region of Song China, however the third type was very popular in the Southern region especially near Hangzhou (杭州). The third type emulated the style of Aśokan stupa of Mao-Xian in the 10th century and its influence was widespread in the southern region during the Northern Song dynasty. The fourth type was very rare in Northern Song dynasty, but prevailed in Liao dynasty. The fifth type was also prevailing in the southern region from the early eleventh century, which would be transmitted from the South Eastern Asia. Usually, the styles of the stupa-shaped reliquary were changed according to the region where the reliquary was made and buried. The stupa-shaped reliquary in the Northern Song dynasty was used as one container of a set of Buddhist reliquaries, and usually the outer case of the stupa-shaped reliquary was in the type of square box. The inner container of the stupa-shaped reliquary was in the type of bottle or in the type of coffin. However, in the northern region, the stupa-shaped reliquaries were enshrined as twin pagoda in the underground palace of a great stupa. The deposit of twin stupa-shaped reliquaries was an idiosyncratic characteristic of the northern region.
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