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유죄결정 기준에 관한 실증과학적 접근

Empirical Approach Toward the Standard of Proof for Criminal Trials

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초록

본 논문에서는 형사재판의 유무죄 판단기준(합리적 의심의 초월)을 질적, 양적으로 이해하기 위한 연구들을 중심으로 그 기준에 관한 실증과학적 관점을 고찰하고, 그 관점을 한국의 국민참여재판에서 나타나는 평결-판결 불일치의 의미를 해석하는데 적용하였다. 유무죄 판단기준에 관한 실증연구에서 두가지 함의가 도출되었는데, 첫째는 일반인들의 판단에 관한 실증과학적 이론과 지식에 기초하여 법관이 형사재판에서 판단하는 양식을 이해하는 것이 가능하다는 것이다. 둘째는 일반인이 법관보다 유죄판단을 위한 합리적 의심의 초월 기준을 다소 높게 설정하고, 그로 인하여 장기적으로 제1종 오류를 범할 가능성이 법관보다 더 낮을 가능성이 있은 반면, 법관은 장기적으로 제2종 오류를 범할 가능성이 일반인보다 더 낮을 가능성이 있다는 것이다. 이 함의들은 한국의 국민참여재판에서 발견되는 평결-판결 불일치의 양상과 일치하였다.

Abstract

The present study analyzed the perspectives of empirical science toward the standard of proof for criminal trials (“Beyond Reasonable Doubt”) as reflected on the studies that have been conducted to understand the qualitative as well as quantitative meaning of the standard. From this analysis, two implications emerged: (1) The theories and knowledge acquired through psychological studies of lay individuals can be used to understand judicial decision-making; (2) laypeople’s standard of proof for criminal trials may be higher than that of judges so that jurors may commit type-1 error less than would the judges in the long run. Based on the two implications, how to approach to the judge-jury difference, albeit small, in criminal fact-finding was discussed.

참고문헌 (53)

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