정신병질 경향성과 고통자극 평가에 관한 연구: 공감능력을 중심으로
A study of Psychopathic Tendency and Rating of Painful Stimuli: Focusing on Empathy
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본 연구에서는 정신병질 경향성이 높은 사람들의 공감능력을 알아보고자 하였다. 피험자들은 사진과 그림으로 이루어진 시각자극을 두 가지 조망조건(자기/타인)에서 얼마나 고통스러워 보이는지 평정하였다. 그 후 피험자들은 정신병질 자기보고식 검사와 공감능력 척도를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 정신병질 경향성이 높은 피험자들은 정신병질 경향성이 낮은 피험자들보다 공감능력이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 실험자극에 대해서는 정신병질 경향성이 낮은 피험자들이 그렇지 않은 피험자들보다 유의미하게 더 고통스럽다고 평가하였다. 반면, 정신병질 경향성이 높은 피험자들은 고통자극보다 중립자극이었을 때, 타인조망보다 자기조망조건에서 더 자극을 고통스럽게 평가하였다. 이 결과는 정신병질자들이 타인의 고통에 대하여 공감능력이 떨어진다는 것을 나타낸다. 본 연구는 대학생들을 대상으로 실험하였기 때문에 결과를 일반화 하는데 한계점이 있지만, 후속연구를 통하여 정신병질자의 공감능력 측정도구 개발의 기초연구가 될 것이다. 마지막으로 이 결과의 시사점 및 후속 연구에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study investigated the empathy ability of individuals with psychopathic tendencies. Subjects rated pain intensity of visual stimuli(painful/neutral) consisted of pictures and cartoons. Two different perspectives were manipulated through explicit instructions: the subject's own perspective (Self), and other's perspective (Other). After the rating task, subjects completed self-reported measures of psychopathy and an empathy scale. According to the results, the empathy ability of the group with psychopathic tendencies was lower than the empathy ability of the group with non-psychopathic tendencies. On the rating task, the group with non-psychopathic tendencies was higher than the group with psychopathic tendencies in the pain rating scale. In self perspective condition, the group with psychopathic tendencies evaluated higher pain intensity of neutral stimuli than the group with non-psychopathic tendencies. These findings support that psychopaths appear to lack empathy. Due to the fact that the subjects of this study were university students, it has its limitations when it is generalized. However it will serve the role as the fundamental research, allowing further tools and scales to be created upon. We further discussed the practical implications of the present findings.
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