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강간평가 암묵적 연합 검사(IAT)를 통한 강간에 대한 암묵적 평가와 외현적 평가의 관계에 관한 연구

The Relationship Between Implicit and Explicit Evaluation of Rape: Using the Rape Evaluation Implicit Association Test

유지영|조은경|최유나|박지애
한국법심리학회 (Korean Association of Psychology and Law)|2024.07|한국심리학회지:법 (Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology)|제15권 제2호|pp. 135-155|DOI 10.53302/kjfp.2024.07.15.2.135

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참고문헌

키워드

외현적 태도암묵적 태도강간통념성적 가해 행동암묵적 연합 검사(IAT)Implicit AttitudeExplicit AttitudeRape MythSexually Aggressive BehaviorImplicit Association Theory

초록

성범죄에 대한 인지는 성적 가해 행동의 주요 예측 변인으로 여겨져 왔으나, 관련 선행연구들의 결과는 혼재되어 있어 성범죄에 관여하는 인지의 종류와 그 역할에 대해 더 명확하게 접근할 필요성이 제기되었다. 특히 성범죄에 대한 태도는 매우 중요한 요인으로 간주되어 왔음에도 불구하고, 연구들마다 태도의 범위는 다르게 설정되어 왔다. 이에 본 연구는 강간에 대한 태도를 전통적인 정의에 따라 긍정, 부정의 평가로 측정하였을 때, 인구통계학적 변인, 강간통념 변인, 성적 가해 행동 변인들과의 관계를 통해 그 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 예비 실험을 거쳐 강간에 대한 암묵적 태도를 측정하는 서면 “강간평가 IAT(Implicit Association Test)”를 제작하였고, 강간에 대한 외현적 태도는 강압적인 성관계와 동의된 성관계에 대해 평가하는 자기보고식 검사를 통해 측정하였다. 만 20세 이상의 성인 80명을 대상으로 연구를 진행한 결과, 남성이 여성보다 강간을 덜 부정적으로 평가하는 암묵적 태도를 가지는 것으로 나타났으며 외현적 태도에서는 유의한 성차가 나타나지 않았다. 또한 성적가해 행동의 유일한 예측변인은 강압적인 성관계에 대한 외현적 태도인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 강간에 대한 평가로 정의내린 태도의 의의와 한계에 대해 논의하였다.

Abstract

Cognitions of sexual crimes are key predictors of sexually aggressive behavior, yet prior studies have shown mixed results. This study aims to clarify the types and roles of cognitions involved in sexual crimes, focusing on attitudes toward rape. Attitudes were measured according to the traditional definition as positive or negative evaluations and examined through relationships with demographics, rape myths, and sexually aggressive behavior variables. A paper format ‘Rape Evaluation Implicit Association Test’ was developed to measure implicit attitudes in a pilot study, while explicit attitudes were assessed via self-reports on coercive and consensual sexual relationships. The study with 80 adults found that men had less negative implicit attitudes toward rape than women, with no significant gender differences in explicit attitudes. The only significant predictor of sexually aggressive behavior was the explicit attitude toward coercive sexual relationships. These findings discuss the significance and limitations of defining attitudes toward rape through evaluations.

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