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숨긴정보검사에 대한 실험연구의 외부타당도: 불안과 기억 기간의 영향

The external validity of experimental studies for the concealed information test: The effects of anxiety and memory duration

박미숙|엄진섭
한국법심리학회 (Korean Association of Psychology and Law)|2024.07|한국심리학회지:법 (Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology)|제15권 제2호|pp. 115-134|DOI 10.53302/kjfp.2024.07.15.2.115

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참고문헌

키워드

anxiety불안P300concealed information test숨긴정보검사외부타당도기억 기간external validitymemory duration

초록

숨긴정보검사는 거짓말 탐지 검사의 한 종류이다. 모의 범죄 패러다임이나 개인적 항목 패러다임을 사용한 실험연구에서 자율신경계 기반 숨긴정보검사(ANS CIT)와 P300 기반 숨긴정보검사(P300 CIT)의 정확도가 높게 추정되고 있다. 그러나 실험연구의 외부타당도에 의문을 제기하는 연구자들이 많이 있으며, 다양한 측면에서 외부타당도를 평가하기 위한 실험연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실험연구의 외부타당도에 영향을 미칠 가능성이 있는 두 가지 요소를 평가하였다. 한 가지는 모의 범죄 패러다임에서 범죄 수행 시 발생하는 불안 수준이었고, 다른 한 가지는 개인적 항목 패러다임에서 사용하는 검사 자극의 기억 기간이었다. 실험 결과, 모의 범죄 수행 시 발생하는 불안 수준이 ANS CIT와 P300 CIT의 결과에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 개인적 항목 패러다임을 사용한 경우, ANS CIT와 P300 CIT에서 오랫동안 기억한 자극(참가자의 생일)을 사용한 조건과 비교적 최근에 기억한 자극(참가자의 학번)을 사용한 조건 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 오랜 기억 조건에서는 관련자극에 대한 호흡선 길이가 무관련자극에 대한 호흡선 길이보다 짧았지만, 최근 기억 조건에서는 두 자극 간에 호흡선 길이의 차이가 없었다. 그리고 관련자극과 무관련자극 간 P300 진폭 차이가 최근 기억 조건보다 오랜 기억 조건에서 더 컸다. 이러한 실험 결과가 ANS CIT와 P300 CIT의 외부타당도 평가에 미치는 영향을 논의하였다.

Abstract

A concealed information test is a type of lie detection test. In experimental studies, the accuracy of the autonomic nervous system-based concealed information test (ANS CIT) and the P300-based concealed information test (P300 CIT) is estimated to be high. However, there are many researchers who question the external validity of experimental research, and attempts also have been made to evaluate it. In the study, two factors those have the potential to affect the external validity of experimental research for CIT were evaluated. One was the level of anxiety that participants experienced when performing a crime in the mock crime paradigm, and the other was the memory duration of the test stimuli used in the personal item paradigm. The results showed that the level of anxiety did not affect the results in the ANS CIT and P300 CIT. In the personal item paradigm, a significant difference was found between the stimuli memorized for long period of time (birthday) and the stimuli for short period of time (student number) in the ANS CIT and P300 CIT. In the long-duration condition, the respiration line length for the relevant stimulus was shorter than that for the irrelevant stimulus, but in the short-duration condition, there was no difference in respiration line length between the two stimuli. Also, the P300 amplitude difference between relevant and irrelevant stimuli was larger in the long-duration condition than in the short-duration condition. The influence of these experimental results on the external validity of the ANS CIT and P300 CIT was discussed.

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