경제통합과 농식품 교역의 국가 간 네트워크 변화
Economic Integration and Structural Changes in the International Agro-Food Trade Network
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본 연구는 무역 자유화 추세에 따라 국가 간 농식품 무역 구조의 특성이 어떻게 변화하는가를 규명한 것이다. 이를 위해 2000-2014년 동안 HS 코드 기준 농식품 4개 품목의 45개국 간 수출액 통계를 이용하고 사회네트워크 분석방법을 적용하여 교역 네트워크의 중심성 및 응집구조 등을 파악하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 지역 간 연계는 확대되고 있으나 여전히 역내 네트워크의 연결정도가 강하게 나타난다. 둘째, 경제통합 정도가 가장 높은 유럽국가들이 농식품 교역의 중심국가 위상을 차지한다. 셋째, 아시아 지역 농식품 교역에서 통합정도가 강화되는 품목은 채소 및 각종 가공식품이다. 이는 역내 경제통합이 유사한 문화권에서 비롯된 농식품 교역을 활성화시킬 것이라는 것을 유추하게 한다. 넷째, 한국이 RCEP과 TPP 등 메가 FTA에 참여할 경우 한국 농식품 교역의 네트워크 지위가 강화되며, 특히 가공식품의경우 그 효과가 현저하게 나타난다. 이는 상이한 지역 간의 경제통합 환경을 반영하여 한국 농식품 교역의 공간정책을수립하는 것이 무엇보다 필요함을 시사한다.
Abstract
This paper examines the characteristics of structural change in the international agro-food trade network with a global trend of the FTA diffusion. By focusing on the centralities and the community structure to identify the agro-food trade network, we use the social network analysis and the trade data contained of 07, 08, 20, and 21 at the 2-digit HS product level among 45 countries over the last 15 years. The main analytical results are as follows: 1) Not only has intra trade network intensified more than inter-regional trade, but also, there is no doubt that inter-regioanl trade by linking has steadily increased. 2) EU countires have the high indices of centrality, which have already been highly integrated. 3) Intraregional agro-food trade network for fresh vegetables and processed food sector in Asia is shown to be strongly integrated. This finding suggests that the processes of economic integration will help strengthen the trade network for agro-food in a culturally homogeneous region. 4) The case of Korea’s participation in the RCEP and TPP, Korea’s power in the agro-food network tends to be reinforced, especially in the processed food sector. Overall, there is a need for establishment of spatial strategies and policies across the different regions for Mega FTAs.
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