교통흐름에 기인하는 미세먼지 노출 도시인구에 대한 시·공간적 분석
Spacio-temporal Analysis of Urban Population Exposure to Traffic-Related air Pollution
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참고문헌
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초록
자동차를 중심으로 하는 도로교통량이 크게 늘면서 교통에 기인한 다양한 피해 현상들이 나타나고 있다. 특히 교통 량이 집중되는 대도시에서는 교통에 기인한 도시민의 건강피해가 심각한 것으로 밝혀지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 교통에 기인한 미세먼지의 피해를 직접적으로 받는 도시인구는 미세먼지의 주 발생원인 교통흐름이 있는 도로변에 가까이에 노출되는 도시민들이라고 보고 도시 공간 내에서 교통흐름과 미세먼지, 그리고 도시 통행인구의 공간적 분포를 분석하였다. 특히 본 연구에서는 대기오염문제가 심각한 서울을 대상으로 교통에 기인한 미세먼지의 실태를 살펴보고, 서울을 둘러싸고 있는 경기도 일대에 대단위 주거지들이 밀집된 신도시들이 개발되면서 나타나는 인구분포와 통행패턴, 그리고 교통흐름 및 미세먼지 농도에 나타나는 공간적 변화와 이들 간의 공간적 관계를 종합적으로 파악하기 위하여 GIS를 적용하였다. 또한 교통카드 트랜잭션 데이터베이스에서 데이터마이닝기법으로 추출해낸 통행흐름 자료를 이용하여 통행시간별 통행인구분포도를작성하고, 이를 바탕으로 교통에 기인한 미세먼지에 직접 노출하게 되는 도시인구를 산정하는 시·공간적 모형개발을 시도하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of traffic-related air pollution onthe urban population in the Metropolitan Seoul area. In particular, this study analyzes urbanpopulation exposure to traffic-related particulate materials(PM). For the purpose, this studyexamines the relationships between traffic flows and PM concentration levels during the last fifteenyears. Traffic volumes have been decreased significantly in recent year in Seoul, however, PMlevels have been declined less compare to traffic volumes. It may be related with the rapid growthin the population and vehicle numbers in Gyenggi, the outskirt of Seoul, where several New Townshave been developed in the middle of 1990s. The spatial pattern of commuting has changed, andthus and travel distances and traffic volumes have increased along the main roads connecting CBDsin Seoul and New Towns consisting of large residential apartment complexes. These changes intraffic flows and travel behaviors cause increasing exposure to traffic-related air pollution for urbanpopulation over the Metropolitan Seoul area. GIS techniques are applied to analyze the spatialpatterns of traffic flows, population distributions, PM distributions, and passenger flowscomprehensively. This study also analyzes real time base traffic flow data and passenger flow dataobtained from T-card transaction database applying data mining techniques. This study alsoattempts to develop a space-time model for assessing journey-time exposure to traffic related airpollutants based on travel passenger frequency distribution function. The results of this study canbe used for the implications for sustainable transport systems, public health and transportationpolicy by reducing urban air pollution and road traffics in the Metropolitan Seoul area.
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