魏晉南北朝-五代시기 <冊府元龜>外臣部에 기록된 조공 香 고찰

Abstract

In the East, there were tributary relationships between China and its neighboring nations since the Chou Period. Accordingly, Chinese incense culture was introduced to those neighbors including Korea. In this sense, it is needed to approach Chinese incense culture before investigating Korean traditional incense culture. Thus, this study collected and analyzed records about incense offered as a tribute to China that are found in the Section of Foreign Subjects, <Chaekbu Wongu>. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows. In the Period of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Poli nation, which is now Brunei, brought japhyang as a tribute to China, At that time, the Panpan nation, which was near the Malaysian peninsula, paid chimhyang, danhyang and cheomtanghyang as tributes to China and the Dandan nation, which covered the region of Sanya, Hainandao, forcedly offered hyangyak to the Chinese mainland. There's no historical record that the Sui dynasty received incense as a tribute from other countries. In the T'ang period, the Tianzhu nation and the Qiepi nation, both of which were in northern India, offered ulgeumhyang as a tribute to the Chinese dynasty, the Wuchang nation also in northern India, yongnoihyang and the Ohuan nation, which was near the Sumatra Island of Malaysia, sent paryulgo to the T'ang dynasty. And that dynasty received hyangyak as a tribute from Paraysa which was northern Iran, chimhyang and heukchimhyang from Linyi which was southern Vietnam and yihyang from the Heling nation whose territory was the Java Island of Indonesia. In the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, the Later T'ang dynasty received incense as a tribute from Dangxiang which was around Gansusheng and incense, incense burners and incense oil from Koryo. In the same period, Huigu which was in Xian Jiang brought hyangyak as a tribute to the Later Chou dynasty. Having a variety of effects, today, chimhyang, danhyang, yongnoihyang and paryulgo are still used as not only the materials of Oriental medicine, but also those of cosmetic goods for skin care. Concerning chimtanghyang, ulgeumhyang and yihyang, their properties and effects remain to be more clarified through literature survey because their ingredients are still not clearly known.