Industrial Composition and Spatial Distribution of Entrepreneurial Clusters in Seoul Metropolitan Area
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
While several recent studies have investigated the spatial distribution of entrepreneurship within the Seoul metropolitan area, they have not thoroughly examined the relationship between the industrial composition and spatial distribution of entrepreneurial clusters. To address this gap, this study initially identified entrepreneurial clusters through hotspot analysis using Getis-Ord Gi* with venture capital investment data from 2021. Subsequently, to analyze the industrial composition of the identified clusters, we measured not only their industrial diversity and specialization, but also the share of software and non-software industries. Additionally, we examined the government policies related to the formation of the clusters. As a result, we identified fourteen prominent entrepreneurial clusters within the Seoul metro area and revealed that the clusters located closer to the city centers exhibited higher levels of industrial diversity and a greater share of software industries. Conversely, clusters situated farther from the city centers demonstrated a higher share of non-software industries. Furthermore, we found that government policies affect the industrial specialization of suburban clusters. Nevertheless, we observed several exceptions that diverged from the general trends due to policy interventions. These findings underscore that formulating policies for entrepreneurial clusters in metropolitan areas should be based on these insights.
Abstract
While several recent studies have investigated the spatial distribution of entrepreneurship within the Seoul metropolitan area, they have not thoroughly examined the relationship between the industrial composition and spatial distribution of entrepreneurial clusters. To address this gap, this study initially identified entrepreneurial clusters through hotspot analysis using Getis-Ord Gi* with venture capital investment data from 2021. Subsequently, to analyze the industrial composition of the identified clusters, we measured not only their industrial diversity and specialization, but also the share of software and non-software industries. Additionally, we examined the government policies related to the formation of the clusters. As a result, we identified fourteen prominent entrepreneurial clusters within the Seoul metro area and revealed that the clusters located closer to the city centers exhibited higher levels of industrial diversity and a greater share of software industries. Conversely, clusters situated farther from the city centers demonstrated a higher share of non-software industries. Furthermore, we found that government policies affect the industrial specialization of suburban clusters. Nevertheless, we observed several exceptions that diverged from the general trends due to policy interventions. These findings underscore that formulating policies for entrepreneurial clusters in metropolitan areas should be based on these insights.
참고문헌 (48)
- Acs, Z. J., "Innovation in Large and Small Firms: An Empirical Analysis", American Economic Review, 78(4), pp.678~690 (1988)
- Acs, Z. J., "Innovation and Small Firms" (1990), MIT Press
- Adler, P., "The City and High-tech Startups: The Spatial Organization of Schumpeterian Entrepreneurship", Cities, 87, pp.121~130 (2019)
- Arzaghi, M., "Networking off Madison Avenue", Review of Economic Studies, 75(4), pp.1011~1038 (2008)
- Audretsch, D. B., "Innovative Clusters and the Industry Life Cycle", Review of Industrial Organization, 11, pp.253~273 (1996)
- Beaudry, C., "Who’s right, Marshall or Jacobs? The localization versus urbanization debate", Research Policy, 38(2), pp.318~337 (2009)
- Bollinger, L., "A Review of Literature and Hypotheses on New Technology-based Firms", Research Policy, 12(1), pp.1~14 (1983)
- Bygrave, W. D., "Venture Capital Investments and the Growth of Revolutionary New Industries", Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Proceedings of the Babson Kauffman Conference on Entrepreneurship Research, pp.523~535 (2001), Babson College
- Capello, R., "Geographies of Entrepreneurship", pp.13~31 (2016), Routledge
- Chattergoon, B., "Winner takes all? Tech clusters, population centers, and the spatial transformation of U.S. invention", Research Policy, 51(2), pp.104418~ (2022)
- Chatterji, A., "Clusters of Entrepreneurship and Innovation", Innovation Policy and the Economy, 14(1), pp.129~166 (2014)
- Chea, H., "Exploration of Changes in Social Diversity in Seoul Metropolitan Region", Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers, 4(1), pp.139~154 (2015)
- Chesbrough, H., "The Era of Open Innovation", MIT Sloan Management Review, 44(3), pp.35~41 (2003)
- Chung, S., "Joseph Schumpeter and Technological Innovations: The Major Contents of the First German Edition of 「The Theory of Economic Development」 and Its Implications for Modern Society", Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society, 23(2), pp.181~207 (2020)
- de Groot, H., "Which Agglomeration Externalities Matter Most and Why?", Journal of Economic Surveys, 30(4), pp.756~782 (2016)
- Duranton, G., "Nursery Cities: Urban Diversity, Process Innovation, and the Life Cycle of Products", American Economic Review, 91(5), pp.1454~1477 (2001)
- Duvivier, C., "The Location of Information Technology-led New Economy Jobs in Cities: Office Parks or Cool Neighbourhoods?", Regional Studies, 52(6), pp.756~767 (2018)
- Feldman, M. P., "Handbook of the Economics of Innovation Vol. 1", pp.381~410 (2010), Elsevier
- "Death Valley Curve: How to Calculate it So You Can Avoid It" (2022)[URL]
- Startup City: The Urban Shift in Venture Capital and High Technology, "Florida, R.", Martin Prosperity Institute, ~ (2014)
- Glaeser, E. L., "Local Industrial Conditions and Entrepreneurship: How Much of the Spatial Distribution can We Explain?", Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 18(3), pp.623~663 (2009)
- Henderson, J. V., "Marshall’s scale economies", Journal of Urban Economics, 53(1), pp.1~28 (2003)
- Hutton, T., "The New Economy of the Inner City", Cities, 21(2), pp.89~108 (2004)
- Hwang, J., "Spatial Distribution of Startups and Agglomeration Externalities in the City", Journal of Korea Planning Association, 56(5), pp.182~198 (2021)
- "Industry Life Cycle" (2021)[URL]
- Katz, B., "The Rise of Innovation Districts: A New Geography of Innovation in America", Metropolitan Policy Program at Brookings, ~ (2014)
- Kerr, W. R., "Tech Clusters", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(3), pp.50~76 (2020)
- Kim, D., "Is Entrepreneurship Different from Management?", Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 51, pp.1~36 (2017)
- Koo, Y., "Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Key Concepts and Economic Geographical Implications", Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea, 25(1), pp.1~22 (2022)
- "Intellectual Property Rights Statistics 2021"[URL]
- "The Curious Comeback of U.S. Downtowns" (2014)[URL]
- Kwon, J., "Locational Characteristics of Startups Clusters Types in Seoul Metropolitan Area", Journal of Korea Planning Association, 57(4), pp.63~81 (2022)
- Lerner, J., "Venture Capitalists and the Oversight of Private Firms", Journal of Finance, 50(1), pp.310~318 (1995)
- Mason, C., "Handbook of Research on Venture Capital", pp.86~112 (2007), Edward Elgar Publishing
- Min, D., "A Study on the Determining Factors of the Start-ups’ Location in a Cluster of IT and Cultural Contents Industries: Focused on Honghap-valley (Hongdae·Hapjeong Area)", Master, pp.2020
- Neffke, F., "The Dynamics of Agglomeration Externalities along the Life Cycle of Industries", Regional Studies, 45(1), pp.49~65 (2011)
- Pratt, S. E., "Pratt’s Guide to Venture Capital Sources" (1987), Capital Publishing Company, Inc
- Puri, M., "On the Life Cycle Dynamics of Venture-Capital- and Non-Venture-Capital-Financed Firms", The Journal of Finance, 67(6), pp.2247~2293 (2012)
- "Lease Price Database"[URL]
- Rhee, H., "A Study on the Components and Competitiveness of the Teheran Valley as an Urban Innovation District", Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea, 22(3), pp.321~336 (2019)
- Schumpeter, J., "Theorie der Wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung" (1911), Duncker & Humblot
- Schumpeter, J., "Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy" (1942), Harper & Row
- 2040 Seoul Plan Main Report, "Seoul Metropolitan City", 103~111, pp.Urban Planning 611-0023 (2023)
- Shane, S., "The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research", Academy of Management Review, 25(1), pp.217~226 (2000)
- Shane, S., "Reflections on the 2010 AMR decade award: delivering on the promise of as a field of research", Academy of Management Review, 37(1), pp.10~20 (2012)
- The Global Startup Ecosystem Report 2022, "Startup Genome", ~ (2022)
- "Economic Census 2020"[URL]
- "Korean Startup Investment Database"[URL]
