교과서에 나타난 향가 교육의 문제 - 「서동요」의 ‘借字’와 「찬기파랑가」의 ‘조약돌’을 대상으로 -

Abstract

This paper aimed to indicate the misunderstandings of hyangga at the level of secondary education and to present the proper ways of their modification. For this purpose, a bipartite examination was undergone linguistically and literarily. From the linguistic point of view, I pointed out that the fundamental knowledge of hyangchal, or the authentic writing system of the Silla dynasty, contained serious misunderstandings. Hyangchal is composed of jeongyongja, or the Chinese letters used in their natural meaning, and chayongja, or the letters simply borrowed from Chinese to indicate sounds. Jeongyongja is subdivided into eumdokja and hundokja, while chayongja is grouped into eumchaja and hunchaja. The main problem in understanding these concepts at the level of secondary education is that eumdokja is confused with eumchaja, and hundokja with hunchaja. To make things worse, these misunderstandings caused another confusion about the locations of these subgroups of hyangchal, explained that eumchaja is located at the front of a word, whereas hunchaja at the rear. In this paper, I clarified that hyangchal should be grouped into jeongyongja and chayongja, while jeongyongja is subdivided into eumdokja and hundokja, and chayongja into eumchaja and hunchaja. This should be the fundamental understanding of hyangchal, on which the education at the high school should be based. With regards to the literary interpretation, I indicated that the explanation of "jeok-ak-hui" has not been correct. 'Jeok' has been translated into "the pile of stones along the river" by many scholars since Okura Sinpei interpreted as such. However, this proper interpretation was not considered in the field of secondary education, and the word "jeok" has been misinterpreted as "pebbles". This confusion resulted in another incorrect metaphoric interpretation, which related the word "jeok" to Giparang's personality. The origin of this rampant misunderstanding can relate back to the distortion of Yang Ju-dong's theory. While I examined this problem, I discovered various materials that presented the exact meaning of "jeok", which was also another fruit of this study.