탈식민으로서의 ‘되받아쓰기’와 식민성
Writing-Back as a Postcolonial Practice and Coloniality
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본 연구는 수단의 소설가 타예브 쌀리흐의 ‘와드 아미드 싸이클’ 가운데 가장 야심작이자 탁월한 소설적 성취에 해당하는『북으로 가는 이주의 계절』을 ‘탈식민으로서의 되받아쓰기’와 식민성 극복의 관점에서 해석하고 평가하려는 비평적 시도이다. 되받아쓰기(writing-back)로 일컬어지는 정전(canon) 다시쓰기가 시대적 한계를 노출한 서구의 고전에 대한 비판적 재인식에서 촉발된 기획이라면 그 문학적 양상을 엄밀하게 파악하는 일은 탈식민문학연구에서도 필수일 것이다. 『북으로 가는 이주의 계절』은 2차 대전 전후로 독립한 아프리카의 지식인들이 서구 세계로 유학을 다녀와서 그 경험을 작품화한 수많은 회귀서사들 가운데 하나다. 하지만 그런 회귀서사가 직면한 서사적 딜레마, 즉 전통 대 근대의 대립을 비롯한 무수한 이분법을 근원적으로 해체하면서 새로운 서사적 지평을 열어놓은 작품으로 평가받는다. 셰익스피어와 콘래드의 작품을 창의적으로 되받아썼으되 그 흔적을 거의 남기지 않은 점도 그 지평의 새로움을 암시한다. 본 논문은『북으로 가는 이주의 계절』이 ‘남과 북’이 공히 포로로 사로잡힌 식민지근대의 허위의식을 근원적으로 심문하고 식민제국과 식민지를 마치 연기(緣起)의 굴레에 묶인 하나의 현실로 파악하는 양상을 천착함으로써 근대에 대한 일체의 일면적 인식과 대응을 넘어서는 성찰이 우리 현실에서도 절박한 과제임을 역설한다.
Abstract
Coloniality as a concept was born in tandem with modernity, and the other way around is equally true; hence, we put forward a proposition that “all modernity is a colonial modernity.” However, what should be noted is that coloniality is not just a matter of a local domination by imperialistic power. It is rather a kind of universal particularity developed all across the world with the notion that the North is a master and the South is a slave. As far as we grasp the meaning of ‘postcolonial horizon’ with this historical sense, the struggle against coloniality can obtain a true dimension as a fight for human liberation. This paper tries to read Tayeb Salih’s Season of Migration to the North, presumably the most ambitious and successful work in “Wad Hamid Cycle,” as a creative writing-back; a form of postcolonial literary practices. Season of Migration to the North, a narrative of return, envisions a narrow path that leads to a new horizon of world literature while deconstructing numerous binary oppositions, and thereby creating the potentiality of overcoming coloniality. Reaching beyond one-sided recognition of and provincial response to the colonial modernity and also by critically representing the imperial metropolitan and colonial world as one karma-like reality, Season of Migration to the North remains one of the classic achievements of world literature.
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