『남과 북』: 변화의 불가피성과 수용
North and South: The Ineluctable Mutability and Accepting of It
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper attempts to analyze Elizabeth Gaskell’s North and South in the light of its protagonist’s confrontation with modern industrial society which looks dominated by “everlasting uncertainty and agitation” and her final acceptance of it as a structural condition of modern bourgeois society. In order to analyze the novel in the sense of the effects of the underlying force of bourgeois capitalism, this paper compares three major places depicted: Milton Northern, Helstone, and London. London, differing from the usual depiction as a place of calamities, poverty, abuse of children, and more in Charles Dickens’ novels, is represented as the place of power, luxury, and “the smooth sea,” free from struggles and efforts for survival. Returning to London after spending a couple of years in Milton, Margaret feels “uncanny” about her almost home-like place. This feeling was an effect of her sojourn in Milton, in which she could have witnessed the activities of “everlasting uncertainty and agitation.” She also felt unhomely even in Helstone, which has been idealized as a Home(Heimat) in her mind when she visits there with Mr. Bell. Instead of getting solace of her spirit and recovering her belief in the unchanging Nature, she gets assured that everything changes and one needs to accept the fact. As a result of the argument of this paper, the novel will be proved to have preempted the later intellectual and philosophical ideas such as Nietzsche’s ‘nihilism’ and Joyce’s “ineluctable modality.” Also, Gaskell’s suggestions on the problems of modern industrial society would be recognized progressive from the 21st century viewpoint, even though they were considered conservative in her days.
Abstract
This paper attempts to analyze Elizabeth Gaskell’s North and South in the light of its protagonist’s confrontation with modern industrial society which looks dominated by “everlasting uncertainty and agitation” and her final acceptance of it as a structural condition of modern bourgeois society. In order to analyze the novel in the sense of the effects of the underlying force of bourgeois capitalism, this paper compares three major places depicted: Milton Northern, Helstone, and London. London, differing from the usual depiction as a place of calamities, poverty, abuse of children, and more in Charles Dickens’ novels, is represented as the place of power, luxury, and “the smooth sea,” free from struggles and efforts for survival. Returning to London after spending a couple of years in Milton, Margaret feels “uncanny” about her almost home-like place. This feeling was an effect of her sojourn in Milton, in which she could have witnessed the activities of “everlasting uncertainty and agitation.” She also felt unhomely even in Helstone, which has been idealized as a Home(Heimat) in her mind when she visits there with Mr. Bell. Instead of getting solace of her spirit and recovering her belief in the unchanging Nature, she gets assured that everything changes and one needs to accept the fact. As a result of the argument of this paper, the novel will be proved to have preempted the later intellectual and philosophical ideas such as Nietzsche’s ‘nihilism’ and Joyce’s “ineluctable modality.” Also, Gaskell’s suggestions on the problems of modern industrial society would be recognized progressive from the 21st century viewpoint, even though they were considered conservative in her days.
참고문헌 (15)
- 김정숙, "소설읽기의 탈이론화를 위하여— 북과 남의 경우", 근대영미소설, 1, pp.169~192 (1994)
- 진은영, "니체, 영원회귀와 차이의 철학" (2007), 그린비
- Bodenheimer, Rosemarie., "North and South: A Permanent State of Change", Nineteenth-Century Fiction, 34(3), pp.281~301 (1979)
- Easson, Angus., "Mr Hale’s Doubts in North and South", Review of English Studies, 31(121), pp.30~40 (1980)
- Elliotte, Dorice Williams., "The Female Visitor and the Marriage of Classes in Gaskell’s North and South", Nineteenth-Century Literature, 49(1), pp.21~49 (1994)
- Freud, Sigmund., "The Uncanny", pp.123~162 (2003), Penguin
- Forster, E. M., "Howards End" (2000), Penguin
- Gaskell, Elizabeth., "North and South" (2008), Oxford UP
- Holstein, Suzy Clarkson., "A ‘Root Deeper Than All Change’ : The Daughter’s Longing in the Victorian Novel", Victorian Newsletter, 75, pp.20~28 (1989)
- Joyce, James., "Ulysses" (2008), Oxford UP
- Mann, D. Nancy., "Intelligence and Self-Awareness in North and South: A Matter of Sex and Class", Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature, 29(1), pp.24~38 (1975)
- Engels Selected Works, Vol. One, "Marx", pp.1969, Marx, Karl
- Williams, Raymond., "The Victorian Novel", pp.142~164 (1971), Oxford UP
- Williams, Raymond., "The Country and the City" (1975), Oxford UP
- Williams, Raymond., "Culture and Materialism" (2005), Verso