한비 인성론의 연원과 특징 — 묵가 및 선행법가와의 비교를 중심으로 —

Abstract

As one of the subjects of Hundred Flowers Campaign brought about during the era of great changes in the Spring And Autumn Warring States Period, ideas of human nature(人性論) were the theoretical foundation of each school's political ethics. It was because they offered the analysis into the reasons for the political and social chaos of those times and alternatives for them. In the main text, the process from Mohism to early School of Law and Han Feizi's ethology was examined briefly. Through which, the following deductions are possible. First, the main agenda of the ethology of the schools except early Confucianism was not the matter of good and evil(善惡), but the actual condition of human nature that “likes gain”(好利), that is, “human heart”(人情). Second, both Mohism and School of Law focused on this aspect of human heart, but there were differences betwen them in the ways to practice it. While Mohism depended on ㅇmysterious heavenly king and authority of ghosts in order to enhance their ideology, School of Law used the realistic and vompulsory means of law. Third, School of Law commonly acknowledged the actual condition of human nature as it was, and used it to govern the nation. Yet, Guanzi's school basically emphasized ruling according to laws, but also acknowledged ethics and also practiced ruling with virtue side by side. In this respect, it is differentiated from Shang Yang and Han Feizi that stressed only on ruling by law.