Greenhouse Gas Emission Analysis by LNG Fuel Tank Size through Life Cycle
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
As greenhouse gas emissions from maritime transport are increasing, the International Maritime Organization is continuously working to strengthen emission regulations. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel is less advantageous as a point of CO2 reduction due to the methane leakage that occurs during the bunkering and operation of marine engines. In this study, greenhouse gas emissions from an LNG-fueled ship were analyzed from the perspective of the life cycle. The amount ofmethane emission during the bunkering and operation procedures with various boil-off gas (BOG) treatment methods and gas engine specifications was analyzed by dynamic simulation. The results were also compared with those of other liquid fuel engines. As a result, small LNG-fueled ships without a BOG treatment facility emitted 32% more greenhouse gas than ships utilizing marine gas oil or heavy fuel oil. To achieve a greenhouse gas reduction via a BOG treatment method, a gas combustion unit or re-liquefaction system must be mounted, which results in a greenhouse gas reduction effect of about 25% and 30%. As a result of comparing the amount of greenhouse gas generated according to the BOG treatment method used with each tank size from the perspective of the operating cycle with the amounts from using existing marine fuels, the BOG treatment method showed superior effects of greenhouse gas reduction.
Abstract
As greenhouse gas emissions from maritime transport are increasing, the International Maritime Organization is continuously working to strengthen emission regulations. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel is less advantageous as a point of CO2 reduction due to the methane leakage that occurs during the bunkering and operation of marine engines. In this study, greenhouse gas emissions from an LNG-fueled ship were analyzed from the perspective of the life cycle. The amount ofmethane emission during the bunkering and operation procedures with various boil-off gas (BOG) treatment methods and gas engine specifications was analyzed by dynamic simulation. The results were also compared with those of other liquid fuel engines. As a result, small LNG-fueled ships without a BOG treatment facility emitted 32% more greenhouse gas than ships utilizing marine gas oil or heavy fuel oil. To achieve a greenhouse gas reduction via a BOG treatment method, a gas combustion unit or re-liquefaction system must be mounted, which results in a greenhouse gas reduction effect of about 25% and 30%. As a result of comparing the amount of greenhouse gas generated according to the BOG treatment method used with each tank size from the perspective of the operating cycle with the amounts from using existing marine fuels, the BOG treatment method showed superior effects of greenhouse gas reduction.
참고문헌 (35)
- Junkeon Ahn, "Comparative feasibility study of combined cycles for marine power system in a large container ship considering energy efficiency design index (EEDI)", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46(62), pp.31816~31827 (2021), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Al-Breiki, M., "Investigating the Effects of Boil-off Gas on Liquefied Energy Carriers During Land Storage and Ocean Transportation", IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 581(1), pp.012017~ (2020), IOP Publishing
- Arteconi, A, "Life-cycle Greenhouse Gas Analysis of LNG as a Heavy Vehicle Fuel in Europe", Applied Energy, 87(6), pp.2005~2013 (2010)[DOI]
- J. Cadafalch, "Modelling of storage tanks with immersed heat exchangers", Solar Energy, 112, pp.154~162 (2015), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Young-Tae Chang, "Assessing greenhouse gas emissions from port vessel operations at the Port of Incheon", Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 25, pp.1~4 (2013), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Chorowski, M., "LNG Systems for Natural Gas Propelled Ships", IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 101(1), pp.012089~ (2015)
- D DISSANAYAKE, "Partial oxidation of methane to carbon monoxide and hydrogen over a Ni", Al2O3 catalyst, 1991, pp.132(1), 117~127[DOI]
- Hye-Jeong Lee, "Economic benefits of introducing LNG-fuelled ships for imported flour in South Korea", Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 78, pp.102220~ (2020), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Yujiro Wada, "Evaluation of GHG Emission Measures Based on Shipping and Shipbuilding Market Forecasting", Sustainability, 13(5), pp.2760~ (2021), MDPI AG[DOI]
- Hulda Winnes, "Particle Emissions from Ships: Dependence on Fuel Type", Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 59(12), pp.1391~1398 (2009), Informa UK Limited[DOI]
- Yu Yong Ung, "Improving Liquefied Natural Gas Bunkering in Korea through the Chinese and Japanese Experiences", Sustainability, 12(22), pp.9585~ (2020), MDPI AG[DOI]
- "Liquid Natural Gas: A Study of the Environmental Impact of LNG in Comparison to Diesel" (2021)[URL]
- Hassan El‐Houjeiri, "Life Cycle Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Marine Fuels: A Case Study of Saudi Crude Oil versus Natural Gas in Different Global Regions", Journal of Industrial Ecology, 23(2), pp.374~388 (2019), Wiley[DOI]
- Jerzy Herdzik, "Methane Slip During Cargo Operations on LNG Carriers and LNG-Fueled Vessels", New Trends in Production Engineering, 1(1), pp.293~299 (2018), Walter de Gruyter GmbH[DOI]
- Seongwon Im, "Combination of H2SO4-acidification and temperature-decrease for eco-friendly storage of pig slurry", Journal of Hazardous Materials, 399, pp.123063~ (2020), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Hayoung Jang, "Demystifying the lifecycle environmental benefits and harms of LNG as marine fuel", Applied Energy, 292(15), pp.116869~ (2021), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Byongug Jeong, "Evaluation of safety exclusion zone for LNG bunkering station on LNG-fuelled ships", Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology, 16(3), pp.121~144 (2017), Informa UK Limited[DOI]
- Jung, D. H., "Development of the First LNG Bunkering Barge System in Korea", Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference, pp.162~163 (2018), Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research
- Dong-Hun Kwak, "Energy-efficient design and optimization of boil-off gas (BOG) re-liquefaction process for liquefied natural gas (LNG)-fuelled ship", Energy, 148, pp.915~929 (2018), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Hyunyong Lee, "Effect of Parameters on Vapor Generation in Ship-to-Ship Liquefied Natural Gas Bunkering", Applied Sciences, 10(19), pp.6861~ (2020), MDPI AG[DOI]
- Sangick Lee, "Multi-parameter optimization of cold energy recovery in cascade Rankine cycle for LNG regasification using genetic algorithm", Energy, 118, pp.776~782 (2017), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Lowell, D., "Assessment of the Fuel Cycle Impact of Liquefied Natural Gas as Used in International Shipping", The International Council on Clean Transportation (2013)
- Naji, S. Z., "Tracking Boil off Gas Generation into Liquefied Natural Gas Supply Chain Using HYSYS Simulator", IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 579(1), pp.012019~ (2019), IOP Publishing
- Yeelyong Noh, "Risk-based determination of design pressure of LNG fuel storage tanks based on dynamic process simulation combined with Monte Carlo method", Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 129, pp.76~82 (2014), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Roger Penteado, "Application of the IPCC model to a Brazilian landfill: First results", Energy Policy, 42, pp.551~556 (2012), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Ryste, J. M., "Screening LCA of GHG Emissions Related to LNG as Ship Fuel", Master, pp.2012
- Jiheon Ryu, "A Novel Boil-Off Gas Re-Liquefaction Using a Spray Recondenser for Liquefied Natural-Gas Bunkering Operations", Energies, 9(12), pp.1004~ (2016), MDPI AG[DOI]
- 소예덕, "Parametric Investigation of BOG Generation for Ship-to-Ship LNG Bunkering", 해양환경안전학회지, 24(3), pp.352~359 (2018), 해양환경안전학회[DOI]
- Yude Shao, "Dynamic Optimization of Boil-Off Gas Generation for Different Time Limits in Liquid Natural Gas Bunkering", Energies, 12(6), pp.1130~ (2019), MDPI AG[DOI]
- Amir Sharafian, "Liquefied natural gas tanker truck-to-tank transfer for on-road transportation", Applied Thermal Engineering, 162, pp.114313~ (2019), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Linda Styhre, "Greenhouse gas emissions from ships in ports – Case studies in four continents", Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 54, pp.212~224 (2017), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Unseki, T., "Environmentally Superior LNG-Fueled Vessels", Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review, 50(2), pp.37~43 (2013)
- Vairo, T., "Resilience Assessment of Bunkering Operations for A LNG Fuelled Ship", Proceedings of the 30th European Safety and Reliability Conference and the 15th Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management Conference (2020)
- David A. Wood, "A review: Optimizing performance of Floating Storage and Regasification Units (FSRU) by applying advanced LNG tank pressure management strategies", International Journal of Energy Research, 42(4), pp.1391~1418 (2018), Wiley[DOI]
- Zincir, B., "Adaptation of LNG Fuel System Workout to a Simulator for Training Purpose of Engine Officers", International Conference on Engine Room Simulators (ICERS12) Proceedings Book, pp.115~122 (2015)