東洋思想史에서 茶山學의 位相 提高를 위한 試論

Abstract

This paper is an essay which is drawn up in order to raise the evaluation and phase of Tasan's scholarship in the history of east asian thoughts. If we advance one step from the opposite or succeeded discussions about the Neo-confucianism, and if we take a step forward from the discussions about the influence of Matteo Ricci' Tianzhu Shiyi(『天主實義』), we will have a unique system which Catholicism and Confucianism combined into by Tasan. His system attained practical utility through researching the Classical Learning(窮經致用). First, he regarded all the Confucian Classics as books about ethics, simultaneously wrote new practical books separated from the Classical Learning(經學). This brings separating the humanities from the natural science, and finally separates morality from science, and also philosophy from applied science. Second, Tasan accomplished the system attached importance to Six Classics(六經; 詩, 書, 禮, 樂, 易, 春秋) which is substantial and concrete. On the other hand, for him Four Books(四書; 大學, 論語, 孟子, 中庸) which Neo-confucian concentrated on was a metaphysical and ideological and conceptional system. He not only retrieved the spirit of Confucius and Mencius from Neo-confucian with taking interest in Six Classics, but also re-established sections of literature, history, disciplines of real life, music, nature and culture etc. Third, he accomplished the system of moral rationalism which was based on religious piety. The Sangje(上帝, Lord on High) exists as a ground which make sure of the morality of human beings. And human beings have a autonomous power which may compose rational society based on divine spirit which gained from Lord of High. The religious piety which Tasan pursued consequently is rational results which human beings make for oneself, not something like a chain of ideology. His system basically is a realization of researching the Classical Learning and attaining practical utility(窮經致用). He was based on the Classical Learning, cultivating oneself and governing national society. Through complete annotation on Six Classics and Four Books, he collected and codified traditional Confucius Classics. And through writing One Test and Two Books(一表二書; 經世遺表, 牧民心書, 欽欽新書), he also took a new turn and expanded his theory of national administration. As a natural consequence, his Classical Learning aimed at the morality for human relationships. His theory of national administration(經世學) evolved into practical application. And on the basis of the Classical Learning and theory of national administration, he had a religious faith. Therefore he could construct new system which different from Confucius-Mencius Learning(洙泗學) and also different from Neo-Confucianism. That was a fusion style of Eastern and Western civilization.