기업의 생성형 AI와의 협업 공시가 소비자 반응에 미치는 영향: 기업에 대한 비인간성 및 혁신성 지각의 매개 효과를 중심으로
The impact of Corporate Collaboration with Generative AI on perceived humanness and innovativeness
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본 연구는 기업이 업무 현장에 생성형 AI를 도입하였을 때의 소비자 반응에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 양날의 검 효과를 살펴보았다. 이 효과는 기업-생성형 AI의 협업 예고로 소비자가 기업에 대해 지각된 인간성의 감소와 지각된 혁신성의 증가로 발생하는 매개 효과로 확인되었다. 183명의 대학생을 대상으로 2(협업 유형: 인간-생성형 AI vs. 인간-인간) × 2(협업 의존도: 저 vs. 고) 참가자 간 설계에서 뉴스 기사로 제작된 자극물을 활용한 온라인 설문조사를 시행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 기업의 인간 간 협업을 예고하는 통제 조건과 비교하였을 때, 생성형 AI의 활용을 예고한 이후 기업에 대한 지각된 인간성이 감소하였으며, 지각된 혁신성은 증가하였다. 또한 기업의 생성형 AI에 대한 의존도가 높을수록 지각된 인간성은 더욱 감소하였으며, 이에 반해 지각된 혁신성은 유의미하게 변화하지 않았다. 지각된 인간성의 감소는 소비자의 기업 노력에 대한 지각, 브랜드 태도, 구매 의도에 부정적인 영향을 미치며, 지각된 혁신성의 증가는 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 기업이 생성형 AI 도입을 알린 후 서비스 실패가 발생하였을 때 인간성과 혁신성이 증가할수록 브랜드 태도와 구매 의도 감소는 더 크게 나타났으며, 부정적 구전 의도가 증가하였다. AI 기술의 발전이 가속화됨에 따라 생성형 AI의 활용이 점차 확대될 것을 고려했을 때, 본 연구는 기업의 생성형 AI와의 협업에 대한 소비자의 반응이라는 새로운 관점을 제시한다. 또한 기업의 생성형 AI의 활용에 대한 소비자의 부정적 반응과 긍정적 반응을 함께 설명하기 위해 지각된 인간성과 혁신성이 중요한 변인이 될 수 있음을 제안한다.
Abstract
This study examines a double-edged sword effect that may affect consumer response when organizations announce their adoption of generative AI. This effect was found to be mediated by a decrease in consumers’ perceived humaneness toward the firm and an increase in their perceived innovativeness toward the firm in response to announcements of firm-generative AI collaboration. Using a 2 (collaboration type: human-generative AI vs. human-human) × 2 (collaboration dependence: low vs. high) between-participants design, 183 students completed an online survey using news article stimuli. Perceived humaneness decreased and perceived innovativeness increased after the announcement of a company’s use of generative AI, compared to the control condition in which the announcement was made about the company’s human-to-human collaboration. Furthermore, the more a company relied on generative AI, the more perceived humaneness decreased, while perceived innovativeness did not change significantly. We found that a decrease in perceived humaneness has a negative impact on consumers’ perceptions of service efforts, brand attitudes, and purchase intentions, while an increase in perceived innovativeness can have a positive impact. Furthermore, when service failures occurred after a company announced the introduction of generative AI, increases in humaneness and innovativeness were associated with greater decreases in brand attitudes and purchase intentions, and increased negative word-of-mouth intentions. Given that AI will be increasingly utilized as AI technology advances, this study provides a new perspective on consumer responses to firms’ collaboration with AI. We propose that perceived humaneness and innovativeness may be important variables to explain both negative and positive consumer responses to companies’ use of generative AI.
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