필리핀과 기타 원주민사회 분쟁해결문화에 대한 탐색적 연구: 회복적 정의의 관점을 중심으로
An Exploratory Study on Dispute Resolution Culture of Indigenous Peoples of Philippine and Other Regions in the Perspective of Restorative Justice
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필리핀군도에는 원주민 사회가 다수 존재하고 있으며, 원주민사회마다 독특한 다양한 분쟁해결제도가 존재한다. 아직 우리나라에는 필리핀 사회에서도 소외되어 있는 지역인 원주민사회 분쟁해결문화에 대한 연구는 희소한 편이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 문헌조사를 통하여 필리핀 원주민사회의 여섯 가지 분쟁해결 사례와 필리핀 외 지역 원주민사회에서 네 가지 분쟁해결방식을 수집하였다. 본 연구에 의하면 필리핀과 아프리카대륙, 하와이제도 원주민사회의 분쟁해결문화는 기도로 시작하고, 마을 잔치로 종료하는 공통점이 발견된다는 점이다. 기도로 분쟁해결절차를 개시한다는 것은 총체적 관점에서 분쟁해결을 바라본다는 의미이며, 마을 잔치로 분쟁을 종료한다는 점은 마을 전체의 조화를 중시한다는 회복적 정의(restorative justice) 관점을 가지고 있는 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
Philippine is characterized by the existence of various kinds of indigenous people(IP) in the area of Luson island and Mindanao Island, etc. Indigenous people maintains their own cultural traditions and they develop their own conflict settlement mechanisms. A tribe utilizes monkalun(mediator) and another indigenous tribe invites Islam high priest for conflict settlement. He plays the role of mediator in order to solve the disputes between clans in Mindanao Island. A common element of various conflict settlement is to implement restorative justice. A couple of IP cases in Philippine show that parties start with prayer to God and ends with feast in the midst of dispute settlement. These types of conflict settlement mechanism are not an unique phenomenon in Philippine. A conflict settlement mechanism, Ho’oponopono, in Hawaii island is similar to those of Philippine. Furthermore, Liberia and Romania also share informal community court to solve the conflicts within the community.
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