初期大乘經典에 나타난 佛身說

Abstract

This article has attempted to examine briefly about the Buddha-kāya(Buddha's Body) theory in early Mahāyāna Sūtras. As each school has it's own unique formation and system, it is observed that there are differences in emphasized phases by each scripture in the theory of Buddha-kāya. The theory of Buddha-kāya had been existing before Mahāyāna buddhist texts. But in early texts, it emphasizes on the admiring greatness of spiritually awake Śakyamuni-Buddha being one with truth of immortality. Even though Dharma oriented thought is unsatisfactory for an object of faith, because Dharma that Śakyamuni realized was heard and accepted through personality as Śakyamuni it is regarded that comprehension about Dharma-kāya had been included. Therefore, There is no Dharma-kāya oriented view of the Buddha's body as in Mahāyāna Sūtras, but it could be seen that Rūpa-kāya oriented view of the Buddha's body was strong. Through Surveying historical development of the theory of Buddha- kāya from the time of fundamental Buddhism to Abhidharma Buddhism as coming to 18 schools. The latter propositions to emphasizing a historical source rather than realistic standpoint, had recognized a boundary by strict distinguishing between Dharma-kāya and Rūpa-kāya. In the Abhidharma Buddhism, the Theravāda and Sarvāstivāda had their theory of Buddha-kāya that is to the real embracement place based on highlighting Dharma-kāya, in contrast to the Mahāsaṃghika had emphasizing on religious idealized Dharma-kāya. Finally, through various improvement of Mahāsaṃghika more emphasizing on idealized Buddha as a super-historic existence, it became Dharma-oriented theory of Dharma-kāya, it is established as the early Mahāyāna buddhism's Buddha-kāya. However, the Buddha-kāya concept improved along with development of dogmatic theology was Buddha's rūpa-kāya who existed historically, but we can't say that there was no comprehension about Buddha-kāya. And when 18 schools, as we make comment on Rūpa-kāya and Buddha-kāya, it was mainly rūpa-kāya. This study has shown that we observed that theory of Buddha-kāya regarding Dharma-kāya and Rūpa-kāya, as entering to Mahāyāna Buddhism period, was moved to Dharma-kāya oriented.