圭峯宗密의 知思想 硏究

Abstract

Guifeng Zongmi(圭峯宗密 780-841), who had been active in the middle period of Tang(唐) Dynasty, was thoroughly well acquainted with Huayan school(華嚴敎學), Chinese Thought(中國思想), and Chan Thought(禪思想). Among them, he greatly contributed to enhance in the Heze Chan School(荷澤宗). This study examined Chi Thought(知思想) of Zongmi, which played a core role in enhance of Heze Chan lineage. First of all, Chi(知) thought of Heze Shenhui(荷澤神會) and Chengguan(淸凉澄觀) are examined, which had become the root of Chi(知) thought of Zongmi. The historical and doctrinal basis in the ‘Chi(知)’ of Zongmi, and activity and role in Chi are also examined. Zongmi said that a person who transmitted Chi(知) for the first time is Dharma(達磨), and it had been inherited implicitly for six generations from Dharma(達磨) to Huineng(慧能). However, during Shenhui's era(神會代), several sects transmitted it competitively. It was worried whether Dharma lineage might be disappeared due to this kind of situation. So it was inevitable for Zongmi to establish the historical authenticity of the Heze Chan School(荷澤宗) through Chi Thought(知思想). Also, Zongmi(宗密) sets up the doctrinal basis in ‘Chi(知)’ thought, which is his distinct philosophical thought based on the Ti-yong(體用 essence-function) theory of Awakening of Mahāyāna Faith(大乘起信論). As Chi(知) has positive side of activity along with the significance of ontology, it has the function of ‘knowing’, ‘seeing’, ‘illuminating’, and ‘brightening’. By the establishment of this Chi(知) thought, the unity of Chan and doctrine(禪敎一致), the criticism on Hongzhu school(洪州宗), and the theory of ‘sudden enlightenment and gradual practice’(頓悟漸修論), which are the central Seon Thought(禪思想) in Zongmi(宗密) have been examined in this paper.