Comparison between the View of Meat-eating in Theravāda and Mahāyāna Traditions
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Traditions of Theravāda and Mahāyāna Buddhism differ from each other in many ways. In terms of precept, it is true that Theravāda Buddhism is generally more conservative and Mahāyāna Buddhism is relatively liberal and not strict. But, while Theravāda cultures permit bhikkhus to eat meat, Mahāyāna Buddhist strictly forbid bhikkhus and bhikkunīs to do that. These contradictory practices are not easily understandable as the precept of Early Buddhist Saṅgha tends to get eased in general with the passage of time. This study starts its discourse with the question which was Buddha’s original view, permitting or forbidding meat-eating. It does not aim at suggesting a solution to this question but at trying to correct the bias of rigorous vegetarians to regard meat-eating as a sin. Because overly insisting on vegetarianism is against Buddha’s true meaning. What to eat is not very significant in Buddhism. Food is only means of preserving the body. Persisting in vegetarianism is another kind of adhesion. The Buddha allowed three kinds of meat-eating by means of Middle way (Majjhimā-paṭipadā).
Abstract
Traditions of Theravāda and Mahāyāna Buddhism differ from each other in many ways. In terms of precept, it is true that Theravāda Buddhism is generally more conservative and Mahāyāna Buddhism is relatively liberal and not strict. But, while Theravāda cultures permit bhikkhus to eat meat, Mahāyāna Buddhist strictly forbid bhikkhus and bhikkunīs to do that. These contradictory practices are not easily understandable as the precept of Early Buddhist Saṅgha tends to get eased in general with the passage of time. This study starts its discourse with the question which was Buddha’s original view, permitting or forbidding meat-eating. It does not aim at suggesting a solution to this question but at trying to correct the bias of rigorous vegetarians to regard meat-eating as a sin. Because overly insisting on vegetarianism is against Buddha’s true meaning. What to eat is not very significant in Buddhism. Food is only means of preserving the body. Persisting in vegetarianism is another kind of adhesion. The Buddha allowed three kinds of meat-eating by means of Middle way (Majjhimā-paṭipadā).
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