선종의 청규(淸規)와 천태의 「입제법(立制法)」에 관한 고찰

Abstract

The regulations known as 「 Ipjebeop 」, the “pure regulations” of both the Seon and Tientai Schools, were established to create harmony and order in the Sangha communities. First, the『Chanyuanqinggui (禪苑淸規)』says that jisa (知事) is the title used for the monk in charge of temple management. On the other hand, Tientai does not use this term. In addition, Tientai regulations are not divided into four sections like the Seon School’s. Second, The Seon School uses the title yuna (維那) for the monk who metes out punishment to anyone who violates their regulations. In Tientai, it is considered a voluntary position for one who does difficult tasks for someone else, like in the『Shisongl ü (十誦律)』. Third, the『Chanyuanqinggui 』 uses the term jeonjwa (典座) to designate the monk in charge of cooking rice and soup for a Seon community or temple. Tientai does not use that term, but their 「 Ipjebeop 」 has regulations on meals and eating. Both the Seon and Tientai Schools have official rules to maintain order and harmony within the Sangha. On the other hand, The Seon School’s pure regulations, called Four Jisas (四知事), are very similar to the Tientai School’s rules. Thus, we can see that many regulations established by other Buddhist schools have been borrowed by the Seon School to maintain order and harmony.