初探≪雙谿寺真鑒禪師大空塔碑銘≫的禪宗思想

Abstract

The Inscription on the Stele of Zen Master Jingam at Ssanggyesa Temple is one of the inscriptions on the Four Mountains Stele, written by the Korean literati Choe Chi-won. This inscription depicts the scholarly exchange between China and Silla Korea during the late Tang Dynasty, with Confucianism as its foundation and Zen Buddhism as its primary focus. Written in classical Chinese, the monument inscription encompasses Zen philosophy, methods of practice, and the understanding of human existence and the universe. It exhibits the harmonious coexistence of Confucian concepts of nature and humanity with the spiritual practices of Zen. This study aims to explore the core teachings and practices of Zen through translation of the full text of the monument inscription and a comprehensive analysis. The research on this monument inscription is valuable for understanding the development and evolution of Zen during the late Tang Dynasty, as well as providing insights into the cultural and artistic aspects of Zen in that era. The inscription primarily focuses on Zen Master Jingam, narrating his spiritual journey from the Tang Dynasty to Silla, thereby offering translation materials for the study of Zen thought. Zen is essentially a methodology derived through continuous comprehension of the material world. The process of comprehending this methodology requires the use of language tools. Research has found that Zen practice offers a direct experience beyond words and concepts, enabling individuals, including literati, to transcend traditional modes of thinking and directly observe and experience the essence of their inner selves and reality. Language, as a means of communication, cannot fully embody the ideas of Zen and the will of individuals. The notion of “not relying on words” in Zen does not exclude the use of words or any linguistic tools. On the contrary, it emphasizes the importance of comprehension and practicing Zen by not solely fixating on words. Language and words can provide constraints for abstract concepts, making the interpretation of meaning possible.