해외 온톨로지 현황과 한국군 온톨로지 개발방안
Overseas ontology status and Korean military ontology development suggestion
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군 온톨로지는 정보공유와 지식표현을 용이하게 함으로써 최종적으로 보다 신속하고 효율적이며 정확한 지휘결심이 이루어지도록 지원할 뿐만 아니라 군의 다양한 분야에 다양한 목적으로도 활용될 수 있다. 이미 해외선진국은 온톨로지를 지휘통제(Command & Control(C2)), 정보감시정찰(Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance), 모의훈련(Simulation and Training), 군수(Logistics), 사이버보안(Cybersecurity) 등에 적용하고 있다. 본 논문은 해외애서의 온톨로지 관련 연구 이슈와 군 활용사례에 대한 조사내용을 담고 있으며, 주요 연구이슈와 개발된 기법, 도구, 활용되고 있는 온톨로지 사례의 개요 등의 전반적인 흐름을 파악한다. 또한 한국군의 다양한 분야에 어떻게 개발할 것인지에 대한 방향도 제시한다.
Abstract
The military ontology facilitates information sharing and knowledge expression, so that it ultimately supports more rapid, efficient, and accurate command decisions, and can also be used for various purposes in various fields of the military. Overseas advanced countries have already applied Ontology to Command & Control (C2), Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance, Simulation and Training, Logistics, and Cybersecurity. This paper contains survey on ontology-related research issues and military use cases in foreign countries, and grasps the overall flow of major research issues, developed techniques, tools, and outlines of ontology cases in use. It also suggests directions for how to develop ontology in various areas of the Korean military. By facilitating information sharing and knowledge expression, ontology ultimately enables more quick, efficient, and accurate command decisions and can be used for various purposes in different fields of the military. This paper is an intermediate result of the background investigation on overseas case studies and utilization of existing development methods. The result will be necessary to develop a Korean Mission Space Conceptual Model. The main contents are the investigation of various research issues and development cases, the identification of the ROK military utilization, and the development methodology for ROK military ontology. The contents are derived from the survey results. By examining the current status of research and cases related to ontology, it will be possible to prepare a foundation for finding effective ways to develop a Korean ontology (Korean Mission Space Conceptual Model). Overseas advanced countries are conducting active research and are already applying ontology to various fields. As a major research issue, techniques and tools for developing the ontology were investigated, and reference points for benchmarking were found in the cases of ontology being used. This paper contains these efforts. There are three ontology research issues: entity definition, domain knowledge acquisition, and ontology components, along with various methodologies being proposed to provide practical guidelines for ontology development. Among the guidelines, Methontology presents a detailed methodology in terms of knowledge acquisition, verification and validation, configuration management, and documentation as a comprehensive process. The advantage of ontology comes from its formality. Formality enables the development of tools for consistency verification and accuracy verification, enabling automatic reasoning and effective expert review on the ontology. Research in progress in this regard is roughly divided into defining and classifying domain entities and specifying relationships between those entities. In other words, it can be divided into entity-related research and task-related research. Entity-related research focuses on object connection and clarification, modularization and reuse, evaluation and verification, visualization and exploration, while task-related research focuses on event modeling and expression, event-based systems, and event-based knowledge management. This content has significant implications for the characteristics that a Korean ontology should have. As examples of military-related ontology use, notable ontologies are NATO’s CM and Sweden’s DCMF. CM investigates development methodologies and simulation and software engineering procedures, provides draft guidelines for conceptual models that can be utilized by various stakeholders, and in particular aims to provide standards for M&S conceptual models. In the case of DCMF, by presenting a specific methodology for expressing concepts based on UML, it provides a reference point for seeking ways to develop Korean ontology. The Korean ontology must have the characteristic of formality, and CM and DCMF show us the specific method possibly to be used. Through the survey results, as part of the search for a Korean ontology development method, the application areas and limitations to be considered in ontology development were examined. Eight ways to utilize ontology include Command and Control (C2) support, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) utilization, simulation and training application, logistics support management (Logistics and Supply Chain Management) utilization, cybersecurity support, unmanned systems system modeling, and human factor performance enhancement were suggested. In particular, it was identified that domain complexity, uncertainty, and security, as matters to be considered in the ontology development process, are matters to be dealt with especially in the development of a military-related ontology. The contents identified in this paper will be continuously added and supplemented in the course of the research, and accordingly, the Korean ontology will be supplemented and evolved as a final result.
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