중국 최고 지도자의 권력 공고화: 장쩌민의 사례
The Power Consolidation of China’s Supreme Leaders: The Case of Jiang Zemin
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이 논문은 장쩌민을 사례로 중국공산당 총서기의 권력 공고화를 분석한다. 이 논문은 두 가지를 살펴볼 것이다. 첫째는 중국 정치에서 최고 지도자들이 행사하는 권력과, 권력 공고화를 위한 전략인 정풍운동(整風運動)이다. 둘째는 장쩌민의 권력 공고화다. 중국에서 최고 지도자는 군 통수권, 이념적 권위, 지지 세력을 획득해야 권력을행사할 수 있다. 또한 정풍운동은 이를 위한 도구로 사용된다. 장쩌민은 개혁기 총서기가 어떻게 권력을 공고화 하는가에 대한 하나의 전형을 만들었다. ‘지지 세력의충원 → 정풍운동과 반부패운동의 전개 → 새로운 지도이념의 확정’이 바로 그것이다. 이를 통해 우리는 개혁기 중국의 엘리트 정치에서 ‘권력 승계의 제도화’와 함께‘권력 공고화의 제도화’도 진전되었다는 사실을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
This article analyzes the power consolidation of the CCP’s general secretary, focusing on the case of Jiang Zemin. For this, it investigates two things. First, this paper delves into power sources that the supreme leaders wield, and rectification campaign as a strategy by which the supreme leaders employ in order to consolidate their political power. Second, it investigates concretely the process and result that Jiang Zemin made his power base solid. Supreme leaders in China should take up military control, ideological authority, and network of corteges for their exercise of power, and they make use of rectification campaign as a method to make them possible. Jiang Zemin illustrates the prototype of power consolidation in the reform era. The sequence is as follows: the recruitment of corteges, implementation of rectification campaign, and establishment of a new ideology. It proves that the institutionalization of power consolidation has made progress in the reform era, as did the institutionalization of power succession.
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