열왕기상 제 13장 역사 서사 재론
Revisiting the Historical Narrative in 1 Kings 13
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마틴 노스의 신명기 사가 이론은 여러 면에서 문제를 드러낸다. 구약의 역사서들은 신명기서와 어휘적으로나 사상적으로 서로 얽혀 있다. 그렇더라도 그 이유는 이 책들이 모두 노스가 포로후기의 역사가로서 신명기 사가라고 부르는 인물이 기록했기 때문이 아니라, 구약 역사서의 각 저자들이 신명기에 대한 공통의 이념적 관점을 공유했기 때문이다. 이 논문의 목표는 열왕기상 13장의 저자가 구약 역사서들 사이에서 공유된 신학적 토대를 수용하고 있음을 증명하는 데에 있다. 저자의 서사적 예술성은 열왕기상 13장 자체 내에서만 아니라 관련된 거시 구조에서도 정교하게 작동하는데, 저자는 신명기서와 구약 역사서의 다른 본문에서 유래한 어휘들이나 주제들과 공명하는 방식으로 열왕기상 13장을 작성했다. 이를 통해 열왕기상 13장의 저자는 이스라엘의 비극적인 역사에 대한 자신의 성찰을 구현한다. 열왕기상 13장은 하나의 문학적 완성체이며, 유다 출신의 하나님의 사람과 벧엘 출신의 옛 선지자가 여로보암 왕과 그의 백성인 이스라엘을 대변하는 역할을 수행한다.
Abstract
1 Kings 13 is not a boldly reworked collage by a Deuteronomistic editor but rather a coherent narrative continuum of Israel’s ancient history that highlights the role of kingship vital to the destiny of Israel. Invoking Moses’ book of Deuteronomy, 1 Kings 13 forges the theme of communal fate between king and people. The historical narrative is intended to illuminate Jeroboam’s negative roles in Assyrian exile of Israel. Through the network of linguistic connections of the OT historical books, 1 Kings 13 turns out to reveal Jeroboam as abandoning the way of the Lord and seducing the Lord’s people to deviate from it. The old prophet at Bethel who deceives the man of God from Judah mirrors Jeroboam. The death of the Judahite man foresees that of Israel. Israel worships the golden calves that Jeroboam identifies as YHWH. Analogously, the man of God is gullible to the lying prophet, who introduces himself as prophet like him. The doom of Israel, sacrificed by her fraudulent king, is ineluctable. In this way, the author of 1 Kings 13 embodies his reflection of Israel’s history.
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