유럽 쿠르드의 디아스포라 정치에 관한 연구 - 독일, 오스트리아 쿠르드 디아스포라정치를 중심으로 -
A Study on the Kurdish Diaspora Politics in Europe: With a Focus on the Kurdish Diaspora Politics in Germany and Austria
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The people of Kurdish diasporas were ruled by other nations in Kurdistan, where the Kurds have lived for thousands of years, without ever having their own country. The Kurdish diaspora is a stateless diaspora. The Kurds emigrated to escape from inequality, oppression, and conflict, and seek asylum and employment. At the same time, the Kurdish diaspora is characterized as ‘double’ or ‘multiple’ diasporas and the largest Kurdish diasporas live in Europe. This paper attempts to analyze Kurdish diaspora politics in Europe through ‘the six patterns of diaspora politics’. As a result, the Kurdish diasporas in Europe have a strong Kurdish nationalism and this Kurdish nationalism plays a key role in unifying the fragmented Kurdish diasporas in Europe. Therefore, based on Kurdish nationalism, the Kurdish diasporas in Europe promote Kurdish national rights through the political struggle in the states that the Kurds live now, and cooperate with political parties, the EU, and international and civilian organizations to protest against oppression in Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria, the states that the Kurdish immigrants lived. In this process, institutional means acted more positively than non-institutional means. Among these, the cleavages of four countries (Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria), ideologies, political parties and languages that appear in Kurdistan are reproduced equally in the Kurdish diasporas in Europe. These cleavages tend to hinder the integration of the Kurdish diasporas in Europe and dissipate their power, eventually obstructing the establishment of the Kurdish state. Nonetheless, the Kurdish diaspora politics in Europe has played a very important role in solving the Kurdish ethnic problems, building an independent state, and improving Kurdish political rights, and their political role will increase more in the future.
Abstract
The people of Kurdish diasporas were ruled by other nations in Kurdistan, where the Kurds have lived for thousands of years, without ever having their own country. The Kurdish diaspora is a stateless diaspora. The Kurds emigrated to escape from inequality, oppression, and conflict, and seek asylum and employment. At the same time, the Kurdish diaspora is characterized as ‘double’ or ‘multiple’ diasporas and the largest Kurdish diasporas live in Europe. This paper attempts to analyze Kurdish diaspora politics in Europe through ‘the six patterns of diaspora politics’. As a result, the Kurdish diasporas in Europe have a strong Kurdish nationalism and this Kurdish nationalism plays a key role in unifying the fragmented Kurdish diasporas in Europe. Therefore, based on Kurdish nationalism, the Kurdish diasporas in Europe promote Kurdish national rights through the political struggle in the states that the Kurds live now, and cooperate with political parties, the EU, and international and civilian organizations to protest against oppression in Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria, the states that the Kurdish immigrants lived. In this process, institutional means acted more positively than non-institutional means. Among these, the cleavages of four countries (Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria), ideologies, political parties and languages that appear in Kurdistan are reproduced equally in the Kurdish diasporas in Europe. These cleavages tend to hinder the integration of the Kurdish diasporas in Europe and dissipate their power, eventually obstructing the establishment of the Kurdish state. Nonetheless, the Kurdish diaspora politics in Europe has played a very important role in solving the Kurdish ethnic problems, building an independent state, and improving Kurdish political rights, and their political role will increase more in the future.
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