학교 밖 북한이탈청소년의 정책적 욕구와 적응 지원방안

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze current condition of out-of-school adolescent defectors of North Korea and their political needs, and propose the corresponding support plans. This study started from the critical mind of which the out-of-school adolescent defectors of North Korea can recover psychosomatic problems, grow as correct democratic citizens and furthermore, contribute to the South-North social integration, when we correctly understand their current situations and the support is given in accordance with their needs. This study conducted a questionnaire survey based on structured questionnaires oriented to 153 out-of-school adolescent defectors of North Korea. The statistical processing counted on SPSS WIN 21.0v Program to carry out frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, independent samples t-est and chi-square test of cross-tabulation analysis. According to the research results, firstly, as for the form of educational institutions where the out-of-school adolescent defectors of North Korea, the highest case turned out to be authorized alternative schools, followed by Hangyeore Middle and High School and unauthorized alternative educational institutions. Secondly, the current difficulties of life experienced by the out-of-school adolescent defectors of North Korea turned out to be economical problems, succeeded by the problems in the order of difficulty in adapting to a new environment, mental difficulty, absence of counselors, suicidal impulses, the surrounding prejudice and discrimination and difficulty of food and lodging. Thirdly, according to the research on political needs of the out-of-school adolescent defectors of North Korea, the results show that the highest need was with mentors who can guide learning and career orientation, recording 90.8%, followed by experience for career search (89.4%), provision of information regarding entrance to college and career orientation (86.1%), provision of volunteer work (84.1%) and vocational education training (83.4%). Consequently, in terms of legal and institutional improvement plans for adolescent defectors of North Korea, this study proposes school compulsory education promotion for unprotected adolescent defectors of North Korea, specialized education oriented to these adolescents, economical support appropriate to them, role sharing among government ministries and support governance establishment for them. In terms of customized project programs, this study proposes supports of learning competency enhancement, introduction of counseling and therapy programs for psychological and emotional well-being, overseas volunteer work team accompanied by North Korean adolescent defectors and experience camp specialized in reunification culture oriented to these adolescents.