Electron Beam Effects on Lignin Stabilization during Carbonization
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Lignin can be a valuable natural chemical resource. Structurally, lignin is a threedimensionalpolymer made up of condensed C-C bonds and some ether linkages, most of whichare not readily degraded. In this study, lignin carbonization under various electron beam pretreatmentconditions was characterized through a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Lignin stabilization was controlled by various doses of electronbeam irradiation corresponding to 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1,000 kGy; the carbonization process wasperformed under a nitrogen gas atmosphere at 1000C for 1 h. The TGA results showed that a1,000 kGy lignin dose increased the residue weight from 39.96% to 45.23%, compared to nonirradiatedlignin. This observation is in agreement with the XRD and Raman spectroscopy results,in which the two theta degrees and the degree of crystallization were improved by increasing theelectron beam irradiation.
Abstract
Lignin can be a valuable natural chemical resource. Structurally, lignin is a threedimensionalpolymer made up of condensed C-C bonds and some ether linkages, most of whichare not readily degraded. In this study, lignin carbonization under various electron beam pretreatmentconditions was characterized through a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Lignin stabilization was controlled by various doses of electronbeam irradiation corresponding to 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1,000 kGy; the carbonization process wasperformed under a nitrogen gas atmosphere at 1000C for 1 h. The TGA results showed that a1,000 kGy lignin dose increased the residue weight from 39.96% to 45.23%, compared to nonirradiatedlignin. This observation is in agreement with the XRD and Raman spectroscopy results,in which the two theta degrees and the degree of crystallization were improved by increasing theelectron beam irradiation.
참고문헌 (19)
- Boerjan W, "Lignin Biosynthesis", Annu. Rev. Plant Biol, 54, pp.519~546 (2003)
- Chae Wook Cho, "Stabilization, Carbonization, and Characterization of PAN Precursor Webs Processed by Electrospinning Technique", Carbon Letters, 8(4), pp.313~320 (2007), 한국탄소학회
- Gonugunta P, "A Study on Synthesis and Characterization of Biobased Carbon Nanoparticles from Lignin", World J. of Nano Sci. & Eng, 2, pp.148~153 (2012)
- Hainal AR, "Lignin as a carbon source for the cultivation of some Rhodotorula species", Cellulose Chem. Technol, 46, pp.87~96 (2012)
- Hayashi J, "Preparation of activated carbon from lignin by chemical activation", Carbon, 38, pp.1873~1878 (2000)
- Hirose T, "Effect of carbonization temperature on the structural changes of woodceramics impregnated with liquefied wood", Carbon, 40, pp.761~765 (2002)
- Imbraguglio D, "Submicron machining and biomolecule immobilization on porous silicon by electron beam", Nanoscale Research Letters, 7, pp.1~8 (2012)
- Ishimaru K, "Spectroscopic analysis of carbonization behavior of wood, cellulose and lignin", J. Mater. Sci, 42, pp.122~129 (2007)
- Jin XJ, "Preparation of activated carbon from lignin obtained by straw pulping by KOH and K2CO3chemical activation", Cellulose Chem. Technol, 46, pp.79~85 (2012)
- Jones LE, "Influence of boron on carbon fiber microstructure, physical properties, and oxidation behavior", Carbon, 29, pp.251~269 (1991)
- Kim YM, "Raman spectroscopical evaluations of carbonization and graphitization of coal tar pitch", Carbon Science, 1, pp.22~26 (2000)
- Panapoy M, "Electrical conductivity of PAN-based carbon nanofibers prepared by electrospinning method", Thamasat Int. J. Sc. Tech, 13, pp.11~17 (2008)
- Pandey MP, "Lignin Depolymerization and Conversion : A Review of Thermochemical Methods", Chem. Eng. Technol, 34, pp.29~41 (2011)
- Ragan S, "Activated carbon from renewable resources-lignin", Cellulose Chem. Technol, 45, pp.527~531 (2011)
- Rodriguez-Mirasol J, "Hightemperature carbons from kraft lignin", Carbon, 34, pp.43~52 (1996)
- Satheesh Kumar MN, "Lignin and its applications with polymers", J Biobased Mater. Bioeng, 3, pp.1~24 (2009)
- Senna MMH, "Characterization of plasticized maize starch", chitosan blends irradiated with an electron beam, 2012, pp.19, 1~11
- Song C, "Effect of carbonization atmosphere on the structure changes of PAN carbon membranes", J. Porous Mater, 16, pp.197~203 (2009)
- Thevenot M, "Fate of lignins in soils : A review", Soil Biol. & Biochem, 42, pp.1200~1211 (2010)