A Comparative Study on the National Solidarity Program in Afghanistan and Saemaul Undong in Korea
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As we undertake a comparative study between Saemaul Undong (SMU) in Korea in the 1970s and National Solidarity Program of Afghanistan (NSP) model after 2001, we notice some similarities and differences. Both programs seek to improve and upgrade the living conditions of communities. Today, SMU program has been recognized internationally as a unique and successful approach to reduce poverty and integrate the rural community. However, the NSP program was faced with some challenges over the years. SMU was more focused on mental reform and spiritual enlightenment of Korea but NSP in Afghanistan focused more on systematic economic, local governance and human capital development while both programs used the top-down approach led by the central government and they had the same intermediate goals to improve villagers’ household income and pave the ground for them to access public services. Diligence, self-help and cooperation are the spirit of SMU. This spirit is needed in order to make SMU successful, but in the Afghan NSP program, it was just formal structures that were pursued rather than spiritual enlightenment and mental reform. In conclusion, this paper attempts to compare the two models in both countries during the different eras, and ascertain what the best practices are in order to overcome the challenges facing rural development in Afghanistan, especially with the Afghan National Solidarity program.
Abstract
As we undertake a comparative study between Saemaul Undong (SMU) in Korea in the 1970s and National Solidarity Program of Afghanistan (NSP) model after 2001, we notice some similarities and differences. Both programs seek to improve and upgrade the living conditions of communities. Today, SMU program has been recognized internationally as a unique and successful approach to reduce poverty and integrate the rural community. However, the NSP program was faced with some challenges over the years. SMU was more focused on mental reform and spiritual enlightenment of Korea but NSP in Afghanistan focused more on systematic economic, local governance and human capital development while both programs used the top-down approach led by the central government and they had the same intermediate goals to improve villagers’ household income and pave the ground for them to access public services. Diligence, self-help and cooperation are the spirit of SMU. This spirit is needed in order to make SMU successful, but in the Afghan NSP program, it was just formal structures that were pursued rather than spiritual enlightenment and mental reform. In conclusion, this paper attempts to compare the two models in both countries during the different eras, and ascertain what the best practices are in order to overcome the challenges facing rural development in Afghanistan, especially with the Afghan National Solidarity program.
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