COVID-19 팬데믹에서의 임상간호사의 정신건강
Mental Health of Clinical Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea
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초록
COVID-19 팬데믹 상황에서 중추적인 역할을 하고 있는 최일선 간호사의 정신건강은 중요하다. 본연구는 국내 다양한 의료현장에서 코로나 확진 환자나 감염 의심자를 대상으로 직접 대면 업무를수행한 임상간호사의 불안, 우울, 외상후스트레스장애 등의 정신건강과 영향요인을 분석하기 위한온라인 설문지 방식의 횡단적 조사연구이다. 연구대상자는 249명이었으며, 이들 간호사의 중등도이상의 우울은 39.4%, 경미한 불안 28.1%, 중등도 이상의 불안은 21.6%, 부분 외상후스트레스장애는10.8%, 완전 외상후스트레스장애는 29.3%로 나타났다. 외상후스트레스장애의 유의한 영향요인은우울, 불안, COVID-19 근무기간(3개월 이상 ~ 6개월 미만, 6개월 이상), 결식빈도였으며, 외상후스트레스장애에 대한 설명력은 60% (F=54.26, p<.001)이었다. 코로나 현장 간호사들의 불안, 우울, PTSD 를 완화하고 예방하기 위한 실행 지침과 중재를 제공하고, 지속적인 모니터링 제도를 도입하여 시행하여야 하며, 최소한 근무 중 결식이 발생하지 않도록 이들의 적절한 업무 강도와 식사 시간이 현실적으로 보장되어야 한다. 이를 위한 법적 적정 인력과 제도적 지원이 뒷받침되어야 한다.
Abstract
Mental health of frontline nurses, who are critical healthcare personnel, is essential to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the symptoms of depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder of frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. This was a cross-sectional online survey using the Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Perceived Stress Scale, and Impact of Event Scale-Revised from November 2020 to February 2021. The subjects were 249 nurses with work experience of at least one month at the frontline of the COVID-19 response. 39.4% of the participants had a higher than moderate level (≥10) of depression, 49.7% had a higher than mild level (≥5) of anxiety, and 40.1% were above the threshold of partial PTSD (≥18). The influencing factors of PTSD were depression, anxiety, COVID-19-related work period, and skipping meals, and their explanatory power was 60% (F=54.26, p<.001). Mental health of frontline nurses in clinical fields of COVID-19 screening/treatment need to be monitored and managed. In that regard, mental health programs and policies should be developed and legally guaranteed.
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