재난 대응 직무 요구와 COVID-19 대응 인력의 번아웃
Impact of Disaster Response Job Demands on COVID-19 Responder Burnout
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초록
본 연구는 재난 대응 과정에서 경험하는 직무 요구의 양적, 질적 특성이 보건소 인력의 심리적 소진에미치는 영향을 살피고, 나아가 재난 대응 인력의 구체적인 소진 관리 방안을 도출하기 위해 실시되었다. 코로나19 대응 업무를 수행한 바 있는 전국 17개 보건소, 1167명의 온라인 설문조사 자료를 사용하였으며. 감염 염려, 실무기간 장기화와 같은 코로나19 대응 특수 요인과 재난 대응 과정에서 일반적으로증가하거나 발생하는 직무 요구를 독립변수로 하여 다변량 회귀분석 및 문턱회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 업무 과다, 역할 갈등, 역할 모호성 등 재난 대응 과정에서 흔히 관찰되는 직무 요구의 증가는대응 인력의 정서적 소진과 냉소를 악화시키는 주요 예측요인으로 나타났으며, 이외에 코로나19 특수요인들도 소진 수준을 악화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 재난 대응 인력의 소진 관리를 위해서는 직무 요구가급격하게 증가하지 않도록 전문적인 대체 인력의 마련, 재난 대응에 대한 교육 및 훈련 등이 요구되며, 특히 대응 인력이 과도하게 여러 업무를 수행하지 않도록 효율적으로 업무 분장을 계획하는 등의 구체적인 관리 방안이 필요하겠다.
Abstract
This study examined the impact of job demands of responding to the COVID-19 on psychological burnout among disaster responders. Online survey data from 1163 participants from 17 public health centers across South Korea. Multiple regression and threshold regression analyses were conducted with subscales of the MBI-GS as dependent variables. Explanatory variables were categorized into the unique factor of responding to a novel infectious disease disaster and another factor of increased general job demands related to disaster response. The results showed that the unique and general job demands differentially affected on the disaster responders’ emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and sense of professional efficacy. Furthermore, the relationships of the variables with burnout differed at the threshold of three to four imposed tasks. Agency managers and policymakers should continue to recruit and train specialized personnel on an ongoing basis, reorganize job assignments, and consider avoiding overburdening a single responder during disaster response.
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