장 노년기 환경과 안녕감과의 관계: 거주 공간 특징의 영향
The Environment and Well-Being Relationships in Old Age : Effects of Residential Places on Well-Being for Older Persons
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초록
본 논문은 노화의 진행에 따라 환경에 대한 취약성이 커짐에도 불구하고 이에 대한 연구의 중요성이 간과되고 있다는 것을 지적하면서 물리적 환경이 장 노년기 거주자에게 어떤 영향을 갖고 있는지 알기 위해서 시작하였다. 본 연구를 위해 한국복지패널 3개 연도 조사를 롱 파일 형 패널 자료로 구성하였고, 기초연도 기준 55세 이상인 참여자를 대상으로 총 17,304명의 인간-년도 표본을 사용하였다. 통계분석은 환경과 안녕감 변수간의 관계를 분석 추정하기 때문에 패널 일반화추정방정식(GEE)을 사용하였다. 분석결과, 네 개의 모든 환경 변수가 거주자의 안녕감에 유의한 영향을 미치고 있었고, 더 나아가 환경 변수는 거주자의 사회인구적 특성과 상호작용하여 차별적 효과를 갖고 있는 것으로나타났다. 이 연구결과는 장 노년기 거주자는 주거 환경과 상호 교환 과정을 통하여 장소 귀속감(place belonging)과인간 주체성(agency)을 형성하며, 따라서 안녕감이 증가하지만 신체건강이 취약하게 되면 압도적인 환경 압력으로 귀속감의 역할이 커지더라도 인간 주체성의 약화로 안녕감이 낮아지는 것으로 사료된다. 이 결과는 거주자의 안녕감을증진하기 위해서 거주 장소 내외의 접근성을 높이는 기술 혁신환경의 중요성을 함의한다.
Abstract
The paper tries to determine the influences of physical environment on older persons. The most research papers on aging tend to overlook the effects of physical environment on elderly people even though many think that health limitations expose older adults to risky residential surroundings. An aim of the thesis is to explain how home environments affect well-being of older adults. The paper used three waves of Korean Welfare Panel Survey data and selected randomly above 55 years old 5,768 persons in the base year of 2006 as samples. The panel GEE method was used for estimation of the effects. The results show that all of four variables of environments had significant influences on well-being of older adults. Going further, some environment variables had interaction effects on well-being in terms of age, sex, social class. The author suggests that a long-term residential relationship with home environments generates a sense of belonging and human agency toward their immediate surroundings, which is a source of well-being of older residents. The paper concludes that introducing new type of innovative environmental technologies to home is promising to boost well-being for older adults, growing weak.
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