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Hard Times: Dickens’ Suggestion to Conflicting Society

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In Hard Times Dickens describes Coketown as a dystopia in which only rules and powers exist. People of two groups in the city are not allowed to have personal freedom and as the two groups can’t be mixed up at all, they exist in the city as beings apart. Dickens suggests Sissy as an alternative to get over the dystopian city, Coketown. She symbolizes a power that is inserted in the city as Dickens’s alternative to solve the problems of industrialization and laissez-fare. In the last part, however, Dickens shows Sissy is not the necessary and sufficient condition to get over the dystopia. Dickens implies that industrialized society can be better if people in the city are properly educated and free enough to get the fruits of industrialization. This article argues that Sissy as Dickens’s alternative to solve the industrialization is not enough.

Abstract

In Hard Times Dickens describes Coketown as a dystopia in which only rules and powers exist. People of two groups in the city are not allowed to have personal freedom and as the two groups can’t be mixed up at all, they exist in the city as beings apart. Dickens suggests Sissy as an alternative to get over the dystopian city, Coketown. She symbolizes a power that is inserted in the city as Dickens’s alternative to solve the problems of industrialization and laissez-fare. In the last part, however, Dickens shows Sissy is not the necessary and sufficient condition to get over the dystopia. Dickens implies that industrialized society can be better if people in the city are properly educated and free enough to get the fruits of industrialization. This article argues that Sissy as Dickens’s alternative to solve the industrialization is not enough.

참고문헌 (12)

  1. Benn, J. Miriam, "A Landscape with Figure: Characterization and Expression in Hard Times", Dickens Studies Annual, 1, pp.168~182 (1970)
  2. Bentham, Jeremy, "Theory of Legislation. 2 Vols" (2007), Gale
  3. Coles, Nicholas, "The Politics of Hard Times: Dickens the Novelist versus Dickens the Reformer", Dickens Studies Annual, 30, pp.145~179 (2001)
  4. Dickens, Charles, "Hard Times" (1966), Norton
  5. Foucault, Michel, "Disciple and Punish" (1979), Vintage
  6. Lewis, Darcy, "Melancholia and Machinery: The dystopian Landscape and Mindscape in Hard Times", Dickens Quarterly, 31(1), pp.17~31 (2014)
  7. Moylan, Tom, "Scraps of the Untainted Sky: Science Fiction, Utopia, Dystopia" (2000), Westview Press
  8. Pollatschek, Nele, "“Discard the Word Fancy altogether!” Charles Dickens’s defense of ambiguity in Hard Times", Dickens Quarterly, 30(4), pp.278~287 (2013)
  9. Roskill, Mark, "The Language of Landscape" (1997), Pennsylvania State University Press
  10. Sage, Victor, "Girl Number Twenty Revisited: Hard Times’s Sissy Jupe", Dickens Quarterly, 29(4), pp.325~335 (2012)
  11. Stiltner, Barry, "Hard Times: The Disciplinary City", Dickens Studies Annual, 30, pp.193~215 (2001)
  12. Welch, Brenda, "Bentham, Illegitimate Children, and ‘the evil of the law’ in Bleak House", Dickens Quarterly, 31(1), pp.17~31 (2014)

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