『임제종지(臨濟宗旨)』에 나타난 삼구(三句)･삼현(三玄)･삼요(三要) 해석에 관한 고찰

Abstract

The Linji Zongzhi is the first book that Huihong(覺範慧洪) summarizes the interpretations of the Three phrases･Three marvelous･Three essentials that Linji did not reveal in detail. Huihong(慧洪) mainly cites the interpretations of Fengxue(風穴), Fenyang(汾陽), Senggu(僧古) and their interpretations had the greatest influence on the later theory of chan(禪理) exhibitions. In summary. 1. The first phrase(第一句) of the Three phrases is the intuitive language(直觀語) that can be understood immediately upon hearing it. The second phrase(第二句) is a convenient language(方便語) for hearing and understanding explanations. The third phrase(第三句) is led by the boundaries and events of the conceptual language(槪念語) like a puppet. 2. The first marvelous(第一玄) or The marvel in the essence(体中玄) of the Three marvelous is the main body and has no formulas, such as the words of the scriptures. The second marvelous(第二玄) or The marvel in the phrase(句中玄) is a one cryptic sayings(一轉語) to enlighten The first marvelous(第一玄), and it is a phrase such as an old case(古則) or rule established(公案). The third marvelous(第三玄) or The marvel in the essence(玄中玄) is a borderline between liveliness overflow(活潑潑) and includes stick(棒), shouting(喝), waiting for a good while(良久), silencing(沈黙) etc. 3. The first essentials(第一要) in the Three essentials is a dharmata(實相) without any manipulation, and The second essentials(第二要) means a boundary free from all defilements. The third essentials(第三要) refers to the state of beyond words and intellection(言語道斷), that is, the state of liberation. 4. Huihong's criticism of Senggu was judged from a very subjective point of view, and it seems that much of it is biased towards prejudice.