『지장경』의 業海와 中有 관계에 대한 일고찰

Abstract

Throughout the Imjin War and the Byeongja Horan War in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty, the preaching of the forty-nine day ritual(四十九齋), for the ancestors and others had a great influence on expanding the influence of Chijang(地藏, Kṣitigarbha, earth store), faith in Korea. The forty-nine day ritual became the reason for receiving support and love from the royal family and the people in the dynasty based on Confucianism as a way of practicing filial piety after death, and Kṣitigarbha-sūtra(地藏經) became an essential scripture that must be read during the process of Buddhist rituals(齋) preaching. The theory of intermediate state(中有, antarābhava), which provides justification for the forty-nine day ritual of the sermon and serves as the ideological basis for this, is a core doctrine of the Kṣitigarbha-sūtra, and the basis of theory of central existence can be found in the thought ideology of the Sarvâstivāda School(說一切有部), which divides the process of reincarnation into birth, life, death, and intermediate state. In the Abhidharma-nyayanusara(阿毗達磨順正理論), it is defined as “The intermediate state is something that exists after death and before birth.” The intermediate state(中有) is sometimes used as a space concept that goes through when moving on to the next life, and it was also argued that it acts as a medium to inherit the seeds of Karma into the next life as the subject of reincarnation, but after the Abhidharmamahāvibhāṣā (阿毘達磨大毗婆沙論), the intermediate state is recognized as the subject of reincarnation in connection with the gandharva, the transnational being. However, after the advent of Consciousness-only(唯識), the intermediate state is used as a term to mean the meaning of reincarnation and the eighth consciousness that exists in the middle of reincarnation from this life to the next life, and clearly describes the period of stay here as 49 days. As a result, in the Kṣitigarbha-sūtra, the eighth consciousness becomes the subject of reincarnation, and the sea of karma appears as the concept of a place that goes through when moving on to the next life. Since the sea of karma and the intermediate state exist in the middle of death and birth in the scriptures and stay for 49 days, the concept of place and time is the same. Also while staying in the intermediate state, by the efforts of the death man itself and third party such as its family, the transitional being can be born in the next life. Therefore, it can be considered another name for the Karmic existence Sea of Karma in the Kṣitigarbha-sūtra as an example of the concept of a characterized place that exists between the two world of death and birth.