개화기 강증산(姜甑山)사상에 나타난 천지인(天地人) 삼계의 상관원리―음양(陰陽) 및 신도(神道)와 관련하여―

Abstract

Kang Jeung-san (1871~1909) was a person who lived for 40 years in 1871, at the end of the Joseon Dynasty. In 1901, at the age of 31, he carried out the Reordering Works of Heaven and Earth (1901~1909) for nine years to save the world. This work of reordering heaven and earth is a process that follows a series of principles and circumstances within the three realms as an integrated action of the three realms, encompassing both the human dimension and the divine dimension, and can be said to be a blueprint for the future of the three realms. The realm of Heaven has the highest place in the Ninth Heaven. The number nine symbolically indicates the highest and the largest. In response to the petition of all gods, Kang Jeungsan departed the Ninth Heaven and descended to human world. Kang suggested a new and creative view on the Dao that interrelates the Three Realms of Heaven, Earth, and Humans. His claim is that humans should find a way of life to follow the order of Heaven and Earth. The ways of Heomu(虛無, nothingness), Jeokmyeol(寂滅, nirvana), Ejo(以詔, administrative order) of Heaven and Earth are characterized in Seon, Buddhism, and Confucianism, and now, as the leading principle of Heaven and Earth, the way of Gwanwang(冠旺, maturity and prosperity) has Seon, Buddhism, and Confucianism under it. Kang Jeungsan, with the authority of ruling the Three Realms, reorganized the Three Reams of the former world based on Haewon thought to save the world from calamities and disasters. Kang Jeungsan mentions about Yin and Yang to explain the Three Realms and the divine world operates under the principle of Yin and Yang. The affairs of gods and humans are interrelated as Yin and Yang. In his thought, gods and humans resolve their greivances and realize the civilization of the Later World and build an earthly paradise on earth. In the modern era, exchanges between the East and the West take place, and the world's exchanges become larger and the world's affairs become more complicated. The Shindo of Kang Jeungsan came to appear as a new principle for the three realms. Under the great fortune of Mugeuk(Limitlessness), humans should play a role by participating in the work of Heaven and Earth. This is actualized by Jo Jeongsan(趙鼎山) who founded Mugeukdo(无極道) and enshrined Kang Jeungsan as the object of worship and established Kang’s ideology into systematic concepts such as the Tenets of Daesoon Jinrihoe.