Meister Eckhart의 신과 신성 그리고 불교의 무이해
God and Godhead of Meister Eckhart and The Understanding of Buddhistic Nothingness
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에크하르트는 한국의 원효나 이황과 같은 인물로 독일에서 비중 있 게 조명된다. 오늘날 에크하르트는 신비주의자, 신학자, 설교가로 다양 하게 평가되며, 학문과 삶의 대가(Lese Meister und Lebe Meister)로 그를 칭하고 있다.1) 현재 신학과 철학의 부분에서, 영성의 중요성의 부 각과 아울러 그의 사상을 재조명하는 학위논문들이 계속하여 나오고 있다. 최근에는 포스트모더니즘과 종교다원주의적 입장에서 에크하르트 의 사상이 새롭게 조명되기도 한다. 특히 국내에서 종교다원주의적 입 장에 서 있는 길희성의『에크하르트의 영성 사상』과『보살 예수』는 주 목할 만한 연구물들이다. 길희성 교수의 책들은 제목에서 예시하는 바 와 같이 종교다원주의적2) 입장에서 불교와 에크하르트의 사상의 일치를 시도한다. 그러나 필자는 에크하르트의 신과 신성 개념과 불교의 공 (무)의 개념을 비교하여 양자가 다만 외형적으로 유사할 뿐 내용면에서 어떻게 차이가 나는가를 설명하고자 한다. 이를 통하여 종교는 하나의 원초적 실재에 근거한 다양한 언어와 문화로 표현된 것이라는 신 중심 적 종교다원주적 전제가 합당하지 않다는 것을 드러내고자 한다.
Abstract
Bases of my work “God and Godhead of Meister Eckhart and The Understanding of Buddhistic Nothingness” are Eckhart’s distinction of God and Godhead in its Latin and German Works and the statements of buddhistic holy writings to the nothingness. The analysis of secondary source to the topic is important; particularly critically I studied the Books of Hee-Sung Keel: “The Spiritual Thought of Meister Eckhart” and “Bodhisattva Jesus”. It will still have to be shown that the Godhead is the theological principle term Eckhart’s in the German Works Eckhart’s and was connected with other theological terms deeply. The religion philosophers of the Mahayanabuddhism reinterpreted “Dependent Arising: Pat.i c c a s amuppa- da” of Buddha as the emptiness. Thus must we understand the emptiness in the developmental process of the buddhistic history. Most researchers speak of the unity between the Godhead of Eckhart and the nothingness of the Buddhism. Although the past researches wanted the dialogue without loss of the characteristics of Eckhart and Buddhism, Eckhart was illuminated by their buddhistic perspectives. Therefore must be demanded more detailed interpretation of Eckhart and Buddhism. The premise of my work is that there are differences between the Godhead of Eckhart and the nothingness of the Buddhism. From the point of view Eckhart’s I gave full explanation for the differences. If one reads the Works of Eckhart attentively, one can understand differences between the Buddhism and Eckhart. In the first part of my work I treated the following topics: 1. Introduction. In the second part of my work I treated the following tasks: 2 Godhead and nothingness: External similarities and substantial differences: 2.1 God and Godhead of Meister Eckhart, 2.2 “Dependent Arising”(Pat.iccasamuppa - da) of Buddha and Godhead of Meister Eckhart, 2.3 Emptiness (S ´ u - nyata - ) of Na - ga-rjuna and Godhead of Meister Eckhart, 2.4 Buddha-Nature of the Mahayanabuddhism and Godhead of Meister Eckhart, 2.5 Soul of Meister Eckhart and Buddha-Nature of the Mahayanabuddhism and 2.6 Absolute nothingness of the Japanese Kyoto-school: Emptiness of Buddhism and Godhead of Meister Eckhart. In the third part of my work I treated the following tasks: 3. Conclusion: The Godhead of Meister Eckhart differs from the nothingness (Emptiness: S´u - nyata-) of Buddhism.
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