생태 위기 극복에 대한 몰트만의 범재신론 연구 ― 페리코레시스와 케노시스를 중심으로

Abstract

The crisis of the global environment has led to the emergence of the term the anthropocene has been attracting attention as a form of trans- formation discourse both internationally and domestically as it has be- come frequent as a sign of the global dangerous society from the cli- mate crisis to environmental problems and the COVID-19 situation. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the discourse on the need for ecological theology has drawn attention, re-examining the study of panentheism among modern theological understanding types. The purpose of this study is to discuss the necessity of pantheism as a theology to overcome the ecological crisis and to explore the eco- logical theological viewpoint of Jürgen Moltmann who proposed pan- theism from this point of view. In particular, based on Moltmann’s interpretation of trinitarian pantheism and creationist pantheism on the understanding of God, he re-recognized the relationship between God and the world, proposed alternatives to overcome the ecological crisis, and attempted to change pantheistic thinking pursued by the ecological future, thereby forming a realistic discourse that could change human thinking. In the trinitarian pantheism of Moltmann’s writings, God is not in- sensitive, but hears the groaning of the creature and prescribes that he participates in suffering together. The Trinity and the Kingdom of God emphasizes the unity and love of God based on the mutually circular social trinitarianism between the persons of the Trinity for the existence of God. Using the concept of pericoresis as a pan- theistic alternative, he argues for the immanence of God communi- cating with the creature as an equal community; that God’s commu- nication with the creature corresponds to the inner communication of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. In the concept of creation from nothingness of God in creation, we use Kabbalah’s theory of self-limitation. The ecological theology of God, the immanent tran- scendent who enters into the creation world, maintains and pre- serves the creatures, and leads them to the kingdom of God in the fu- ture, loves the world by claiming the thought, experiences the grace of God who opens himself in love, and urges ecological repentance to reach the kingdom of God. Moltmann’s new understanding of theology presented the direction of ecological theology that deepens God’s world salvation and God’s interrelationship toward the world and seeks fellowship with nature. For Moltmann, all things constitute a vast inter-immanent network and have value as unconditional love that gives life to heaven and earth in the kingdom of God. Moltmann created the ultimate ideal of interaction beyond nature to complete God’s salvation and kingdom in the transcendence and immanence of God and the relationship between God and the world. Moltmann’s pantheism, a theologian of hope and an ecotheist, pursued ecological values that could change the relationship between creatures alienated and hostile to each other living in the era of ecological crisis into the recovery of abundant be- ings in Christ, and in the writings of ecological creationism and social trinitarianism, the momentum of participation to recover climate anxi- ety, climate depression, and ecological sin was sufficiently presented. By describing the ecological spatial concept of self-emptying, he set up a trinitarian intercirculation and interpenetration, opening up the cosmic dimension of God toward the world. If all living things have the right to vote, we will have to focus on our own accountability and make peaceful decisions to sustain a life of self-emptiness for others.