상하이 대한민국 임시정부와 의사 독립운동: 의료활동 유적의 위치 고증

Abstract

Most of the doctors who served in the Korean Provisional Government in Shanghai (hereafter “KPGS”) provided nursing education based on their expertise or worked as a practitioner. Particularly notable were the activities of Severance graduates in the KPGS who mainly engaged in opening hospitals in areas where Koreans were concentrated or near Avenue Joffre (Shafeilu霞飛 路), the main street in the French Concession. Perhaps opening a hospital on a busy street was advantageous for gathering information and carrying out fundraising for the independence movement. The radius of Kim Chang-se’s activities, which helped establish the Korean Red Cross and the Korean Red Cross Nursing School, was mainly a residential area in the French Concession. The activities were deeply related to Kim Chang-se running the Korean Red Cross and Korean Red Cross Nursing School, not far from his residence and place of work, as he was serving as a member of the Chinese Red Cross General Hospital prior to the establishment of the KPGS. Na Chang-heon was relatively distant from the city, but he was close to the KPGS. In the 1920s, the medical environment was changing quickly with the rapid development of Western medicine in East Asian countries and the development of X-rays and experimental medicine. Various medical facilities, including general hospitals and individual clinics, were needed to meet the diverse needs of Korean patients. But there were no large general hospitals run independently by South Koreans, so at general hospitals such as the Chinese Red Cross General Hospital, Kim Chang-se and others would have met the demand. It is difficult to estimate the size of Jeong Young-jun’s Goryeo Hospital, Cynn Hyun-chang’s Haechun Hospital, and Na Chang-heon’s Sewung Hospital because all of them have disappeared, and high-rise buildings are now located on the sites where they had been. On the other hand, we can estimate the size of Ju hyeon-cheuk and Cynn Hyun-chang’s Samil Hospital and Kim Chang-se’s Xihu Tuberculosis Clinic and the individual clinics of the time, as the old buildings and lakes remain intact. Usually, the hospitals were not allowed to hospitalize patients or perform operations, and only simple treatments and procedures were available in a small office space of around 7 to 10㎡. Under poor medical conditions, medical independence activists also had to meet the Korean people’s demands for sanitation and health care. However, it was not easy for the independence activists, who had to engage in both the independence movement and the opening of their businesses in foreign lands, to seek a larger hospital or get a job at a large general hospital. The best they could do to support the independent movement was to open hospitals on the main street of the French Concession.