Prophets without Borders: A Missiological Reading of the Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Radical Holiness Movement
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The Radical Holiness Movement of the late nineteenth century evolved into the Holiness-Pentecostal movement of the early twentieth century. Religious changes were being made that challenged the status-quo of mainstream Protestantism, especially Methodism. Four theological areas were marked with borders to be crossed. They were ecclesiology, religious experience, eschatology, and personal ethics. One pioneer of “border crossing” was Benjamin Hardin Irwin and the Fire-baptized Holiness Association. Although Irwin was noted for his new language and experience of multiple baptisms, Charles Fox Parham and William Joseph Seymour, both of the Apostolic Faith, would go farther by teaching that missionary tongues was the “Bible evidence” of Spirit baptism. This teaching became a divisive issue within the Holiness movement, some accepted it and others rejected it. Speaking in tongues has been and remains the dividing line between the Radical Holiness churches and Pentecostalism in North America.
Abstract
The Radical Holiness Movement of the late nineteenth century evolved into the Holiness-Pentecostal movement of the early twentieth century. Religious changes were being made that challenged the status-quo of mainstream Protestantism, especially Methodism. Four theological areas were marked with borders to be crossed. They were ecclesiology, religious experience, eschatology, and personal ethics. One pioneer of “border crossing” was Benjamin Hardin Irwin and the Fire-baptized Holiness Association. Although Irwin was noted for his new language and experience of multiple baptisms, Charles Fox Parham and William Joseph Seymour, both of the Apostolic Faith, would go farther by teaching that missionary tongues was the “Bible evidence” of Spirit baptism. This teaching became a divisive issue within the Holiness movement, some accepted it and others rejected it. Speaking in tongues has been and remains the dividing line between the Radical Holiness churches and Pentecostalism in North America.
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