폴란드 민족 운동사와 저항정신(Ⅱ) -1980년대를 중심으로-

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the process and changes and spirits of national movements in 1970's in Poland. Poland's uncomfortable position within the Soviet bloc is aggravated by the strength of her traditional bonds with the West. After 123 years of Soviet supremacy, there are no signs that these bonds are weakening. Under Gierek's leaderships the political situation in Poland reached the same impasse that Gomuika was facing. The pattern of events repeated itself in a way that suggests that underlying causes of malaise were essentially the same for three years, in 1971-3, as in 1956-6, the new regime radiated confidence and optimism. Free discussion and a spirit of experimentation was in the air. The workers were wooed by an increase in wages, and by proper attention to differentials. A program of massive investment was started in those areas of the economy which might reasonably be expected to increase trade, improve agriculture or raise the standard of living. It was clear to all that Gierek had staked everything on economic success, but The oil crisis of 1974 together with the deepening recession in world trade, hit poland at a moment of great vulnerability in this situation. Gierek proceeded to precisely the same confrontation with the people that had humbled Gomuika only six years before. Having repeatedly postponed the long-promised rise in food prices he suddenly ordered the raise by 60 percent. Strike, protests and demonstrations broke out in all most every town and factory in the country and The election of the polish pope injected new spirit of self-esteem into the private lives of many Poles. It was a spiritual experience and a exercise in self-discipline which no one in Poland could easily forget. The emergence of Solidarity must be seen as the Culmination of a long process. It was the agency of a Spotane Ous movement for national revival.