Mapping of Education Quality and E-Learning Readiness to Enhance Economic Growth in Indonesia
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Purpose: This study is aimed to map the provinces in Indonesia based on the education and ICT indicators using several unsupervised learning algorithms. Research design, data, and methodology: The education and ICT indicators such as studentteacher ratio, illiteracy rate, net enrolment ratio, internet access, computer ownership, are used. Several approaches to get deeper understanding on provincial strength and weakness based on these indicators are implemented. The approaches are Ensemble KMean and Fuzzy C Means clustering. Results: There are at least three clusters observed in Indonesia the education quality, participation, facilities and ICT Access. Cluster with high education quality and ICT access are consist of DKI Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Riau Islands, East Kalimantan and Bali. These provinces show rapid economic growth. Meanwhile the other cluster consisting of six provinces (NTT, West Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, North Maluku, and Papua) are the cluster with lower education quality and ICT development which impact their economic growth. Conclusions: The provinces in Indonesia are clustered into three group based on the education attainment and ICT indicators. Some provinces can directly implement elearning; however, more provinces need to improve the education quality and facilities as well as the ICT infrastructure before implementing the e-learning
Abstract
Purpose: This study is aimed to map the provinces in Indonesia based on the education and ICT indicators using several unsupervised learning algorithms. Research design, data, and methodology: The education and ICT indicators such as studentteacher ratio, illiteracy rate, net enrolment ratio, internet access, computer ownership, are used. Several approaches to get deeper understanding on provincial strength and weakness based on these indicators are implemented. The approaches are Ensemble KMean and Fuzzy C Means clustering. Results: There are at least three clusters observed in Indonesia the education quality, participation, facilities and ICT Access. Cluster with high education quality and ICT access are consist of DKI Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Riau Islands, East Kalimantan and Bali. These provinces show rapid economic growth. Meanwhile the other cluster consisting of six provinces (NTT, West Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, North Maluku, and Papua) are the cluster with lower education quality and ICT development which impact their economic growth. Conclusions: The provinces in Indonesia are clustered into three group based on the education attainment and ICT indicators. Some provinces can directly implement elearning; however, more provinces need to improve the education quality and facilities as well as the ICT infrastructure before implementing the e-learning
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