Novel and Psychotherapy: On John Steinbeck’s Neurotic Characters
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Our unconsciousness exists around ourselves in a disorganized way and sometimes comes into the conscious world. In addition, we tend to call the appearance neurosis, which is caused by childhood memories or present experiences. In the meantime, novels have been a place where writers can release the inner speech withheld in their psyches, and neurotic characters are an effective way for authors to communicate with readers because unconscious actions are common in human beings. Psychologists say the conscious heroic ideals and the unconscious hideous shadows are reciprocal and corresponding, and the distortion of the totality of the human being is more responsible than the fiction of memories. At this point, we can see one reliable method of psychotherapeutic prevention and curing neurosis is strengthening our consciousness, and the humanities are useful and crucial. Given this fact, this paper observes John Steinbeck’s three characters: Lennie of Of Mice and Men, Tularecito of The Pastures of Heaven, and Frankie of Cannery Row based on Carl Jung’s psychotherapeutic theory. In addition, this paper insists the three novels emphasize ‘availability’ (to be with others) as a psychic cure and tries to demonstrate this based on textual evidence. As a result, we may know anyone that could be a neurotic if he or she should not care enough to live safe and sound. Nevertheless, on noisy and busy days, our availability to others is harder, except for the case of financial calculations and material fetishism. Finally, if we should accept these neurotic cases might be ours, this paper could be a catalyst for academic research in the interdisciplinary field of novels and psychotherapy.
Abstract
Our unconsciousness exists around ourselves in a disorganized way and sometimes comes into the conscious world. In addition, we tend to call the appearance neurosis, which is caused by childhood memories or present experiences. In the meantime, novels have been a place where writers can release the inner speech withheld in their psyches, and neurotic characters are an effective way for authors to communicate with readers because unconscious actions are common in human beings. Psychologists say the conscious heroic ideals and the unconscious hideous shadows are reciprocal and corresponding, and the distortion of the totality of the human being is more responsible than the fiction of memories. At this point, we can see one reliable method of psychotherapeutic prevention and curing neurosis is strengthening our consciousness, and the humanities are useful and crucial. Given this fact, this paper observes John Steinbeck’s three characters: Lennie of Of Mice and Men, Tularecito of The Pastures of Heaven, and Frankie of Cannery Row based on Carl Jung’s psychotherapeutic theory. In addition, this paper insists the three novels emphasize ‘availability’ (to be with others) as a psychic cure and tries to demonstrate this based on textual evidence. As a result, we may know anyone that could be a neurotic if he or she should not care enough to live safe and sound. Nevertheless, on noisy and busy days, our availability to others is harder, except for the case of financial calculations and material fetishism. Finally, if we should accept these neurotic cases might be ours, this paper could be a catalyst for academic research in the interdisciplinary field of novels and psychotherapy.
참고문헌 (49)
- Astro, R., "The Short Novels of John Steinbeck: Critical Essays with a Checklist of Steinbeck Criticism", pp.204~216 (1990), Duke Univ Pr
- Beebe, J., "The Question of Psychological Types:The Correspondence of C. G. Jung and Hans Schmid-Guisan", pp.1915~1916 (2013), Princeton Univ Pr
- Benson, J. J., "Environment as Meaning: Steinbeck, John and Great-Central Valley", Steinbeck Quarterly, 10(1), pp.12~20 (1977)
- Benson, J. J., "The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer: A Biography" (1984), Viking Pr
- Boeree, C. G., "A Bio-Social Theory of Neurosis" (2002), Shippensburg Univ Pr
- Brickman, C., "Aboriginal Populations in the Mind: Race and Primitivity in Psychoanalysis" (2003), Columbia Univ Pr
- Childers, J., "The Columbia Dictionary of Modern Literary and Cultural Criticism" (1995), Columbia Univ Pr
- Coers, D. V., "After the Grapes of Wrath: Essays on John Steinbeck in Honor of Tetsumaro Hayashi" (1995), Ohio Univ Pr
- Davies, D., "Models of Psychopathology" (2004), Open Univ Pr
- Davis, M. K., "Edward E. Ricketts: Man of Science and Conscience", Steinbeck Studies, 15(2), pp.15~22 (2004)
- DeMott, R., "Beyond Boundaries: Rereading John Steinbeck", pp.295~313 (2002), Univ of Alabama Pr.
- Eisinger, C. E., "Jeffersonian Agrarianism in The Grapes of Wrath", University of Kansas Review, 14(Winter), pp.149~154 (1947)
- Ellenberger, H. F., "The Discovery of the Unconscious: The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry" (1970), Basic Books
- Fontenrose, J. E., "John Steinbeck: An Introduction and Interpretation" (1963), Holt, Rinehart and Winston
- Fontenrose, J. E., "Steinbeck's Unhappy Valley: A Study of The Pastures of Heaven" (1981), Univ of California Pr
- French, W., "John Steinbeck" (1961), Twayne
- Good, D. F., "From World War to Waldheim:Culture and Politics in Austria and the United States" (1999), Berghahn Books
- Hearle, K., "On “John Steinbeck's The Pastures of Heaven” Adapted by Octavio Solis", Steinbeck Review, 7(2), pp.117~119 (2010)
- Hinshelwood, R. D., "Suffering Insanity: Psychoanalytic Essays on Psychosis" (2004), Brunner-Routledge
- Jung, C. G., "Collected Works" (1975), Princeton Univ Pr
- Jung, C. G., "Collected Works" (1980), Princeton Univ Pr
- Jung, C. G., "Collected Works" (1982), Princeton Univ Pr
- Jung, C. G., "Collected Works" (1983), Princeton Univ Pr
- Jung, C. G., "Collected Works" (1985), Princeton Univ Pr
- Kinney, A. F., "The Arthurian Cycle in Tortilla Flat", Modern Fiction Studies, 11, pp.11~20 (1965)
- 이건근, "A Comparative Study on the Theme and the Character of Tortilla Flat and Cannery Row by John Steinbeck", 인문과학연구, (43), pp.327~348 (2014), 인문과학연구소
- 이건근, "The Connotation of Collecting and Rent Shown in Steinbeck’s Monterey Triumvirate: Tortilla Flat, Cannery Row, and Sweet Thursday", 영어영문학연구, 40(4), pp.215~234 (2014), 대한영어영문학회
- Levant, H., "The Novels of John Steinbeck: A Critical Study" (1974), Univ of Missouri Pr
- Lisca, P., "John Steinbeck, Nature and Myth" (1978), Crowell
- Lisca, P., "The Wide World of John Steinbeck" (1958), Rutgers Univ Pr
- McElrath Jr, J. R., "John Steinbeck: The Contemporary Reviews" (2009), Cambridge Uni Pr
- Metzger, C., "The Short Novels of John Steinbeck: Critical Essays with a Checklist of Steinbeck Criticism", pp.185~194 (1990), Duke Univ Pr
- Mortlock, M., "Eden Myth as Paradox-Allegorical Reading of The Pastures Of Heaven", Steinbeck Quarterly, 11(1), pp.6~15 (1978)
- "Riverside Webster’s Ⅱ New College Dictionary", ~ (1995)
- Tyson, L., "Critical Theory Today: A User-Friendly Guide" (2006), Routledge
- Owens, L., "The Short Novels of John Steinbeck: Critical Essays with a Checklist of Steinbeck Criticism", pp.195~203 (1990), Duke Univ Pr
- Owens, L., "John Steinbeck's Re-Vision of America" (1985), Univ of Georgia Pr
- Parini, J., "A Biography" (1994), Heinemann
- Reber, A. S., "The Penguin Dictionary of Psychology" (1995), Penguin Pr
- Rothgeb, C. L., "Abstracts of the Collected Works of C.G. Jung" (1992), Karnac Books
- SAMS, E., "The Pastures of California: Cal Shakes's Word for Word Performance of John Steinbeck's The Pastures of Heaven", Steinbeck Review, 8(1), pp.85~89 (2011)
- Steinbeck, J., "Steinbeck: A Life in Letters" (1989), Penguin
- Steinbeck, J., "Cannery Row" (1994), Penguin
- Steinbeck, J., "Of Mice and Men" (2000), Penguin
- Steinbeck, J., "Sweet Thursday" (2008), Penguin
- Steinbeck, J., "The Grapes of Wrath" (2006), Penguin
- Steinbeck, J., "The Pastures of Heaven" (1995), Penguin
- Tavernier-Courbin, J., "Social Satire in John Steinbeck’s Tortilla Flat and Cannery Row", THALIA –OTTAWA-, pp.55~62 (2009)
- Timmerman, J. H., "John Steinbeck's Fiction: The Aesthetics of the Road Taken" (1986), Univ of Oklahoma Pr