朝鮮後期 慶尙道地域 還穀制 釐正의 方向―丹城·晉州를 중심으로

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the reorganization of the Hwuangok(還穀) system of Jinju and Dansung in Gyungsangdo region in the late Chosun. The Hwuangok system of the late Chosun, one of the Samjeong(三政), is not only an important element in national finance, but also a big strain in people's livelyhood. The amount of Hwuangook of Gyungsangdo is more than any other region. The Hwuangok system operated to begin the Peasant resistance, originated in Gyungsangdo, in 1862. The essential points of this study are the national policy, discussions, operation process, its results and boundaries about Gyungsangdo region. First of all, we look into the operation of the Hwuangok system and the misrule of the Hwuangok system in gyungsangdo, and then search the measure of government and county for the reorganization of the Hwuangok system on Jinju and Dansung after the late 18th century. Dansung is a small and poor county, on the other hand, Jinju is a big county with Byungyoung(兵營). The measure of Dansung is the reduction of the amount, but that of Jinju is a levy on land. In this point of view, there is a close connection between the condition of county and the detailed measure. The inhabitants of county have taken part in this progress of measure as well as local governors and administrators. This is a sign of that people's voice louder than before. Consequently peasant resistance broke out since local governors made policy decision excepting peasant. The Hwuangok system was a keen problem of peasant at that time. On the other hand, peasant's consciousness was changed from the one-way collected person to the subject to participate in decision-making of tax directly. Dansung had a movement which a lot of people submit a petition to the government and a measure to reduce the amount of Hwuangok by Gamyeong(監營). However, Dansung people's rough resistance broke out since the local government aimed at supplementing their Poheum (Use the government's things privately) compulsorily in the situation that such a movement or a measure did not get their performance. After that, though a lot of amount was written off, new amount of Hwuangok was fixed according to the government still selected a policy to keep the Hwangok system. Jinju did not have a lot of amount of Hwangok. so Poheum(逋欠) by Imu(移貿), one of the largest problems, was collected by Anhaeksa Park, Gyu Soo who arranged Jinju's Hwuagok by writing off a half of the remainder and as a form of Baebong(排捧). Though each county tried to settle the Hwuangok's problem for many decades, the result was not enough. However, after the peasant struggle, it was executed by accepting peasant's protest.