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부모 성취압력과 남녀 중학생의 수학불안 관계에서 부모 지지의 조절효과

The Moderating Effects of Parental Support in the Relations between Parental Academic Pressure and Mathematics Anxiety: Gender-Specific Relations

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초록

중·고등학생에게 수학은 학업부담이 가장 높은 교과로, 학생들이 느끼는 수학에 대한 심리적 부담감은 나날이 늘고있다. 이에 이 연구는 수학불안에 주목하여, 부모 성취압력과 중학생의 수학불안 관계에서 부모 지지의 조절효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 4개 중학교에서 남학생 208명, 여학생231명 총 439명을 대상으로 부모 성취압력, 부모 지지, 수학불안을 측정하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같았다. 남학생의 경우, 부모 성취압력이 높을수록 수학불안이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 부모 지지 수준에 따라 부모 성취압력이 수학불안에 미치는 영향을 완화하는 조절효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 여학생의 경우, 부모 성취압력이 높을수록 수학불안이 높게 보고되었다. 그러나 부 지지의 조절효과는 나타나지 않았고, 모 지지만이 부모 성취압력이 수학불안에 미치는 영향을 완화하는 조절효과를 나타냈다. 즉, 남학생에게는 부모 지지의 조절효과가 나타난 반면, 여학생에 모 지지만이 조절효과가 있었다. 이러한 결과는 수학불안을 감소 또는 해소해주기 위하여 부모 성취압력을 낮추는 노력과 함께 부모 지지를 높일 필요가 있음을 시사한다. 이와 함께 성차에 따른 차별적인 개입을 고려해야 함을 보여준다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 실천적 시사점과 후속 연구 방향을 제시하였다.

Abstract

Mathematics Anxiety (MA), a state of discomfort associated with performing mathematical tasks, is thought to affect a significant proportion of the adolescents. There have been mixed findings on the temporal relation between parental support/pressure and MA, suggesting that the pathway to MA may differ among adolescents. The aim of the current study was to examine gender-specific relationship between adolescents’ perception of school-related support/pressure from their parents and MA. This study also examined whether parental support moderated the association between parental academic pressure and MA. 439 (208 boys, 231 girls) middle school students completed questionnaires that was designed to measure their perceived parental support/pressure (for mother and father separately) as well as MA. The results indicated a positive correlation between parental pressure and MA and a negative correlation between parental support and MA among the boys and girls. In the case of boys, parental support moderated the negative effects of parental academic pressure on MA. For girls, only maternal support moderated the associations between parental pressure and MA. While moderating effect of paternal support was not verified. The results showed that efforts are required to reduce parental pressure while increasing both paternal and maternal support to reduce or release MA. Based on the study findings, practical implications and direction for follow-up studies are suggested with comment on limitation of the study.

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