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2022개정 과학과 교육과정에 나타난 데이터 기반 탐구활동 분석

Analysis of Data-Based Inquiry Activities in the 2022 Revised Science Curriculum

남윤경|윤진아
교과교육연구소 (Research Institute of Curriculum & Instruction)|2024.08|교과교육학연구 (Journal of Research in Curriculum Instruction)|제28권 제4호|pp. 321-336|DOI 10.24231/rici.2024.28.4.321

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키워드

Data Literacy과학탐구데이터 기반 탐구Science Inquiry데이터 소양지식정보처리 역량Data-based Scientific InquiryKnowledge Information Processing Competency

초록

본 연구는 2022 개정 과학과 교육과정에 제시된 필수탐구 활동 중 데이터 활용과 관련된 탐구활동을 분석 함으로써, 탐구활동에서 제시된 데이터 활용의 목적과 범위를 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 문헌연구를 기반으로 과학 탐구요소를 정의하였으며, 데이터 기반 과학 탐구활동 분석기준을 범주화하였다. 다음으로, 교육과정에서 제시된 필수탐구 활동 중 데이터 기반 탐구 목록을 선정하였다. 마지막으로, 분석기준에 근거하여 2022 교육과정에 제시된 21개 중등 과학 과목에 제시된 필수 탐구활동에 대해 탐구요소 및 데이터활용 가능성과 출처를 분석하였다. 분석결과 데이터 기반 탐구활동에서 요구되는 기초탐구 기능으로 예상과 추리, 측정 활동이 가장 많았으며, 통합탐구 기능에서는 자료변환과 자료분석 및 해석 활동이 가장 많았다. 또한 탐구활동에서 활용되는 데이터 출처에 대한 분석결과, 기존의 데이터(공공기관 자료 API, 빅데이터 등)활용 및 직접 데이터 수집 활동으로 나눌 수 있으며, 기존의 데이터 활용의 경우 빅데이터 기반의 활동이 주를 이루었다. 본 연구의 결과는 2022 개정과학 교육과정에서 제시된 탐구활동 중 데이터를 다루는 탐구활동에서 학생들이 주도적으로 데이터를 수집하고 탐구를 설계하는 활동 보다는 제공된 데이터에 대한 분석 및 해석 활동이 주를 이루고 있음을 보여준다. 본 연구는 과학과 교육과정에서 제시된 필수 탐구활동이 학생들의 지식정보 처리 역량 증진에 도움을 주기 위해서는 교과서 집필 및 현장교사 교육에 데이터 기반 탐구 실행을 위한 다각도의 노력이 필요함을 시사한다.

Abstract

This study explores the purpose and scope of data use in inquiry activities by analyzing the data-based inquiry activities in the essential inquiry activities presented in the 2022 revised national science standard. To achieve this goal, the researchers first defined scientific inquiry elements based on a literature review and established analysis standards for data-based scientific inquiry activities. Then, a list of essential research activities was selected. Lastly, using the analysis criteria, the researchers examined the inquiry process skills and data utilization possibilities and sources for the required inquiry activities secondary science secondary subjects in the 2022 national science standard. The analysis revealed that the most common basic process skills in data-based activities were prediction, reasoning, and measurement. The most frequently integrated process skills involved data conversion, data analysis, and interpretation. In addition, data sources used in research activities were classified into those that utilize public institution data APIs, big data, etc., and those that collect data directly, and the use of existing data mainly focuses on big data. The results indicated that the inquiry activities in the 2022 revised national science standard primarily involve the analysis and interpretation of provided data, rather than student-initiated data collection and investigation design. To ensure that these essential inquiry activities enhance students' knowledge information processing competency, the study suggested the need for multifaceted efforts, including textbook writing and professional development for in-service science teachers, to implement data-based inquiry effectively.

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