조선시대 향직운영체계의 변화와 나주의 호장층 - 18, 19세기를 중심으로

Abstract

This study try to observe the change of clerk operation system and Headman class which is native from Naju. Naju was great county. And power of clerk was very strong. The clerk organization developed simultaneously with the literati ruling system in Korea. The main focus of this study is the development and change of the clerk operation system and role of Headman class. The most distinctive characteristic that distinguishes the organization of local clerk in Choson Dynasty, Three Head Clerks(三公兄) can be pointed out. Three Head Clerks, composed of Headman(戶長), Head Clerk(吏房), and another important clerk, were representative of local clerk group. The local clerk system is based on Six Chamber(六房). The power and authority of local clerk group and bureaus were concentrated on Three Head Clerks. Strict hierarchy centering Head Clerk existed and symbolic role of Headman was maintained. The family of Headman was Jung(鄭)․Na(羅)․Kim(金)․Park(朴)․Cho(曹)․Jin(陳) in early Choson Dynasty. And after middle age in Choson the family of Headman was Son(孫)․Yang(梁)․Na(羅)․Oh(吳)․Yi(李)․Jung(鄭)․Park(朴). Also the family of Head Clerk was same. This result mean that some special clerk family monopolizes Three Head Clerk in Naju area. Headman was invented in early Koryo Dynasty as a representative of local people and clerk class and maintained until the end of Chosun Dynasty. The prototype of Head Clerk was organized in the middle of Koryo Dynasty and maintained until the end of Chosun Dynasty. Six Chamber system was settled down in the early Chosun Dynasty. Historically, Headman class was a practical ruling class in Koryo Dynasty. But with the change of social standing policies introduced by the newly-governing class of early Chosun Dynasty, Headman class was relegated to a simple technical class. Although symbolic role of Headman was maintained in Chosun Dynasty.