여성 알코올중독자의 음주와 회복 경험의 총체적 형상화
Wholistic Ideation of the Experience of Women Alcoholics’ Drinking and Recovery
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초록
본 연구는 여성 알코올중독자의 음주와 회복 경험의 본질 탐색을 목적으로, 연구참여자들의 경험을 구성하는 복합적 현실의 맥락과 특성을 이해하기 위해 현상학적 질적 연구방법으로 수행되었다. 연구 질문은 ‘여성 알코올중독자의 음주와 회복 경험들은 서로 어떻게 연결되어 형상화되는가? 이다. 연구자는 알코올중독으로부터 회복 과정 중에 있는 13명의 여성들과 심층면담을 진행하였으며, 자료 분석은 참여자 경험의 보편적인 본질을 분석하기에 적합한 Colaizzi(1978)의 현상학적 분석방법을 채택하였다. 여성 알코올중독자의 음주와 회복 경험에 관한 연구 결과, 6개의 범주(단계)들(1. “외상적 상처와 관계 단절(disconnection)”; 2. “술병을 잡고 세상을 바라보며…(holding the Bottle)”, 3. “술의 인질이 되어…(hostage)”; 4. “변환의 체험(transformation)”; 5. “끝없는 죽음과 생존의 전쟁터에서…(battleground)”; 6. “나, 자아(self)를 탐색하며…(discovering)”)과 각 단계들을 연결하는 5개의 연결형상들(1. 관계 단절과 음주 시작(Drinking); 아픔을 쓴 술로 달래며…, 2. 위험한 연인 관계; 애인(lover)보다 더 가까이 한 술!, 3; 지옥의 바닥(bottom)에서…; 이제, 살기가 힘들 것 같았어요!, 4; 조절 음주의 유혹과 재발(Relapse): 다시 술잔에 술을 따르며…, 5: 상처의 치유와 관계의 회복(Healing); 나와 너와의 관계를 다시 세우며…)이 형상화되었다. 여성 알코올중독자들에게 음주와 회복의 경험은 장기적인 ‘생존과 죽음의 분투과정’으로 자기-위축과 자기-방임에서 벗어나서 알코올중독자라는 정체성 대신에 새로운 자신의 정체성을 찾아가는 과정으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 여성 알코올중독자들의 역량 강화 접근의 중요성, 알코올중독자뿐만 아니라 가족들의 공동의존 문제 해결을 위한 가족 치료적 접근, 그리고 알코올중독자의 회복의 장기적인 ‘회복-관리’와 지역사회 기반 회복-옹호지지체계의 구축을 통한 통합적인 접근을 제안하였다.
Abstract
Objectives of this study are exploring the nature of phenomenon of the women alcoholic’s experience of drinking and recovery. In order to fully understand the context and characteristic of the complex reality of the participants’ experience, phenomenological qualitative study was found to be an appropriate method. The research question to assist in realizing the objective of this study is: ‘how do women alcoholics’ experience of drinking and recovery connect with each other to ideation?’ The participants of this study were formed through purposive sampling of thirteen women recovering alcoholics, the researcher collected data to saturation by conducting semi-structured interviews. Colaizzi’s phenomenological data analysis method was chosen in order to fully explore the universal essence of their experience. The results of this study are as follows: Twelve main ideations that related the six categories chronologically following the experience of drinking and recovery of these women, and five connecting ideas(turning points) connected with each category were all derived from this study. Those six categories are as follows: (1) “traumatic wounds and disconnect from relations”; (2) “facing the world while holding the bottle”; (3) “hostage to alcohol”; (4) “experiencing transformational change”; (5) “in the battleground of death and survival”; and (6) “discovering I, the Self”. Furthermore, five turning points that connect the six categories are as follows: (1) “avoiding pain and the beginning of drinking: soothing the pain with alcohol”; (2) “the dangerous relation; closer to alcohol than my lover”; (3) “from the abyss of hell: it’s going to be difficult to live!”; (4) “the lure of controlled drinking and relapse: filling my glass again…” and (5) “healing the wound and recovering relationships: reconstruction of the relationship between you and me… . For women alcoholics, the experience of drinking and recovery was a long-term struggle of death and survival. It was also a process of discovering a new identity of one-self by overcoming diminished sense of self and self-neglect and breaking free of the identify of an ‘alcoholic’. This study suggests that the importance of empowerment of these female alcoholics, the treatment approach has to focus on treating issues of co-dependency at the family dimension as well as treating the alcoholic female. Furthermore, the recovery of alcoholics requires long-term recovery management in addition to a comprehensive approach. Specifically, there is a need for comprehensive recovery-management toward female alcoholics and services related to the community-based rehabilitation of female alcoholics.
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