論范仲淹的“擔當”精神
On Fan Zhongyan’s Spirit of Undertaking Responsibilities
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宋代人才輩出，在這些士人中，范仲淹無疑是最優秀的一位。在學術上，他是宋學的開山人物；在政治上，他是倡導改革的先鋒；在精神信仰上，他是塑造“擔當”精神的先驅。單就後者而言，這一精神是范仲淹思想的核心。这一精神的形成受到多方面因素的影響。如，與他的成長經歷有關，受到睢陽書院學風的影響，源自對儒家精神的體會，受到古代聖賢的影響，受到宋初名臣田錫、王禹偁等人的影響，與時代的變遷有關，等等。他在這一精神的激勵下，開始了為國為民的一生，無論是主持政治改革、修海堤、導太湖入海，還是立郡學、推薦胡瑗等明師於學官，皆是此精神之具體實踐，且這一精神對當時和後世的士人(當時士人如，富弼、劉牧、胡瑗、張載、王安石等)產生了重大的影響。
Abstract
The Song dynasty 宋 (960-1279) had numerous talented scholars and Fan Zhongyan 范仲淹 (989-1052) was one of the most gifted. Academically, Fan was a forerunner of Song studies. Politically, he was a pioneer in his advocacy of political innovation. Mentally, he was the first scholar who regained the importance of the spirit of undertaking responsibilities. The formation of this spirit was influenced by many factors, including his early experience, the spirit of Suiyang Academy (Suiyang shuyuan 睢陽書院), Confucian spirit, ancient sages, some famous ministers like Tian Xi 田錫 (940-1004) and Wang Yucheng 王禹偁 (954-1001) in the early Song Dynasty, and the changes of the time. Fan combined the spirit of undertaking responsibilities with personal praxis, presiding over political reform, repairing the seawall, leading Lake Tai 太湖 into the sea, founding a county school, and recommending Hu Yuan 胡瑗 (993-1059) and other famous scholars to become teachers of the Imperial College. His thought also greatly imfluenced many subsequent scholars in the Song dynasty and after, including Fu Bi 富弼 (1004-1083), Liu Mu 劉牧 (1011-1064), Hu Yuan 胡瑗 (993-1059), Zhang Zai 張載 (1020-1077) and Wang Anshi 王安石 (1021-1086).
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